“Hearing this, Jesus said to Jairus, ‘Don’t be afraid; just believe, and she will be healed.”

In the previous Bible passage, Jesus healed a demon-possessed man by his power and his love. In today’s Bible passage, there are two miracles of Jesus–the restoration of life to a dead 12-year old girl and the healing of a woman with a chronic bleeding problem. In many ways these miracles are different. In some ways they are similar. Especially, both are done by Jesus, revealing again his power and his love. Let’s learn more about Jesus and what it means to “just believe.”

First, a man and a woman came to Jesus. Look at verse 40. “Now when Jesus returned, a crowd welcomed him, for they were all expecting him.” Recall that Jesus had gone by boat with his disciples across the Sea of Galilee. On the way, he calmed the stormy sea and then healed a demon-possessed man at the cost of a large herd of pigs. Now Jesus and his disciples returned to the western side of the Sea, in Galilee. A crowd was there, waiting for him. Some of them had heard Jesus preach. Some saw him perform a miracle of healing someone or commanding evil spirits out of people. Some of the crowd came out of curiosity to see or hear Jesus for themselves. Others came with personal problems to Jesus for help.

Luke mentions one specific man with an urgent problem in verses 41-42a: “Then a man named Jairus, a ruler of the synagogue, came and fell at Jesus’ feet, pleading with him to come to his house because his only daughter, a girl of about twelve, was dying.” Who was this man? His name was Jairus. He was a ruler of the synagogue. Obviously, he was a man of respect in the community, for to become a ruler does not happen lightly or randomly. Jairus was a man of prestige and influence. But he did not come to Jesus with a formal, polite request. He came with a desperate plea. He fell at Jesus’ feet, in public. He also pleaded with Jesus to come to his house and heal his dying daughter. She was his only daughter. This could mean that she was an only daughter among brothers like Annie Lee Jr., or that she was an only child, like Danielle Hull, except that she was 12 years old. Certainly, Jairus’ daughter was his joy and comfort of life. After a long day’s work, dealing with many complaints and synagogue business matters, he came home. As soon as he walked through the door, his daughter would shout, “Daddy!” She would run to him, swing her arms around his neck, and kiss him. He would say something like, “How’s my sweetheart? Are you helping your mother in the kitchen?” Then he would think to himself, “What a blessed man I am to receive butterfly kisses from my daughter every day!”

But one day, she did not greet him when he walked in the door. His wife greeted him with a pale and worried look on her face, saying, “Come quickly. Our daughter is ill. She won’t eat or get out of bed. I didn’t want to bother you at work, so I called for the doctor. He hasn’t been able to help her. What are we going to do?” Jairus may have replied, “Calm down, honey. We mustn’t let her know we are worried. We have to keep showing her love and hope.” Jairus knew he had to be strong, as a father and as a husband. But he began to wonder what he could do. Then he heard the news, “Jesus, the preacher-healer from Nazareth is in town.” In desperation, Jairus went to Jesus, believing that Jesus could make her well. Jairus came to Jesus. He came humbly, putting aside all his prestige and all the negative opinions he heard from his elite peers.

As Jesus was on his way to Jairus’ house, the crowds almost crushed him. Jesus’ disciples must have tried hard to be bodyguards for Jesus. Many people were crowding and pressing against Jesus. Suddenly Jesus stopped and asked, “Who touched me?” All the people denied it, “Uh, not me, man.” “Master,” Peter said, “the people are crowding and pressing against you.” It meant, “What do you mean, ‘Who touched me?’ A lot of people have nearly crushed you!”

Jesus knew already what Luke tells us in verses 43-44: “And a woman was there who had been subject to bleeding for 12 years, but no one could heal her. She came up behind him and touched the edge of cloak, and immediately her bleeding stopped.” This woman was in many ways different from Jairus. For starters she was a nameless woman; Jairus was a well-known, prominent man in the community. Jairus came with an urgent, emergency life-and-death situation for his daughter; this woman came with her own chronic, 12-year medical problem. Jairus was a man of wealth; this woman was poor, having spent all she had on doctors who couldn’t heal her. Jairus came openly with a bold plea in public; this woman came secretly, too embarrassed to reveal her unclean, bleeding problem. In a way, her coming to Jesus was a bit superstitious, for she thought that by touching Jesus she could be healed. Still, in spite of the differences, there was one important similarity with Jairus and the woman: they both came to Jesus with their serious problem, believing Jesus could help them. And they were right. Jesus helped them. Jesus accepted their faith in him. Jesus accepts all who come to him in faith. John 6:37 says, “All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never drive away.” We learn here to come to Jesus with our problem. Perhaps the problem is urgent. Perhaps it is chronic, and you’ve nearly lost hope. Whether our problem is urgent or chronic, we can come to Jesus. No one should wait until they get sicker. Our sickness is bad enough already. The hymn song says, “Turn from your sin, let the Savior come in, and come just as you are.” And as another hymn assures us, “Still he is mighty to save.”

Second, “Daughter, your faith has healed you.” Jesus did not allow the woman to make a secret getaway. He repeated, “Someone touched me; I know that power has gone out from me.” The power was not in the woman’s touch. The power came from Jesus and was transmitted to her. The power flowed from Jesus to her. It’s like she got plugged in to the power source. Are you plugged in to Jesus? He is the vine; we are the branches. Apart from him, we can do nothing. Without Jesus, our battery is running out.

The woman could see that she couldn’t escape Jesus’ all-seeing eye and all-knowing mind. Instead of waiting for Jesus to call her out, she came trembling and fell at his feet. In the presence of all the people, she told why she had touched him and how she had been instantly healed. In this way, Jesus helped her to not be a secret, closet believer. Jesus helped her to share her testimony before others. Through her testimony, she confirmed Jesus’ healing in her life. At the same time, she gave credit and glory to Jesus for what he had done. Jesus was not embarrassed to show the crowd that he blessed a bleeding, unclean woman. Jesus took her uncleanness gladly upon himself. Actually, the holiness in Jesus overtook all her uncleanness and healed her. Jesus’ cleansing and healing power healed her.

Can you testify to his saving, healing grace in your life? Jesus wants us to share our testimony of his power and love in our lives. When we share what the Lord has done for us, we bring him thanks and praise and glory. Not only this, our faith in him is also strengthened. Romans 10:9-10 says, “That if you confess with your mouth, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved.” I want to share briefly with you what the Lord has done for me. I grew up in a church-going home. Sometimes I was humble and kind. Other times I was controlled by my sins of lust, pride, anger, rebellion, despair, vanity, and materialism. I wanted to be superior to others in sports and academics. Death stung me hard one month away from high school graduation when my father died by heart attack. I was frustrated by the meaninglessness and emptiness of my life. I thought I believed in God since I went to church. But at the end of my first few months in college I cried out, “I don’t really believe in God, I don’t know what I believe.” Soon I prayed, “God, if you exist, give me a sign. Just let me know the truth, and I’ll give my life to make it known.” Within the next 4 months, through a Christmas worship service, a Genesis Bible School and an Easter Bible conference, Jesus answered my prayer. The hope and promise of eternal life in Jesus took away the sting of death and gave me meaning, joy and peace. My foul mouth was cleansed and my interest in rock music, disco dancing and even sports faded away. The words of a hymn rang true to me: “Turn your eyes upon Jesus, look full in his wonderful face, and the things of earth will grow strangely dim, in the light of his glory and grace.” Jesus has been healing me. I’m not yet fully healed. I still struggle to die to sin every day. So I keep coming to Jesus for his cleansing, healing and grace. Please consider his grace to you and I urge you to share it with at least one person this week.

What happened after the woman shared her testimony? The Bible says, “Then Jesus said to her, ‘Daughter, your faith has healed you. Go in peace.’” Jesus called her “daughter.” Did you know that she is the only recorded individual that Jesus called “daughter” in the gospels? Jesus loved her like his own child. He loved her as much as Jairus loved his own dying daughter. Jesus recognized her faith in him and pronounced her healing: “your faith has healed you.” Probably she thought Jesus was going to rebuke her for touching him in her uncleanness. But Jesus commended her faith and sent her away in peace. We learn that Jesus gives peace to trembling hearts and troubled souls who come to him and who reach out to him in faith.

Note the distinction that Luke makes between this woman and the crowd of people. Many people bumped into Jesus. They were hanging out with Jesus. But Luke does not mention any of them being healed except this woman with a chronic bleeding problem. Luke is telling us not to be those who just hang around Jesus as curious spectators, but to come to Jesus with faith and a pure desire to be healed and cleansed of our sins. Hebrews 11:6 says, “And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him.” May each one of us reach out and touch Jesus in sincere and earnest prayer and be healed. May we each have a testimony of his grace to keep sharing with others.

Third, Jesus said, “Don’t be afraid; just believe.” While this woman was sharing her testimony with the crowd, we can only imagine that Jairus was getting more and more nervous, anxious and impatient to get to his house a.s.a.p. (”Hurry up and finish your testimony, woman!” Come on, I know you think that sometimes in a testimony sharing meeting.) To Jesus, this woman was a precious daughter who needed to share her testimony for others to hear. But to Jairus, he could only think about his daughter’s urgent situation. Then some very unfortunate news came.

Look at verse 49. “While Jesus was still speaking, someone came from the house of Jairus, the synagogue ruler. ‘Your daughter is dead,’ he said. ‘Don’t bother the teacher any more.’” Surely the words were solemn, but they hit Jairus hard: “Your daughter is dead.” Then the messenger gave his own recommendation: “Don’t bother the teacher any more.” It meant, “It’s too late. I’m so sorry. It’s over.” Maybe even the messenger added some good Hallmark card words like, “She’s in better hands now,” or, “Sometimes God takes the best flowers for his garden.” In any case, the messenger told Jairus to leave Jesus alone and just come and make funeral arrangements. The messenger was destroying hope and faith in Jairus’ heart. He was not speaking for God, but planting fear in Jairus. This is how the devil usually speaks to people, planting doubt and causing one to lose heart.

Jesus heard the same news. But his words to Jairus were quite different. Let’s read verse 50. “Hearing this, Jesus said to Jairus, ‘Don’t be afraid; just believe, and she will be healed.” First, Jesus said, “Don’t be afraid.” Jesus knew that fear was threatening to invade Jairus’ heart. Fear of what? Perhaps it was fear of his own loss, or fear that he couldn’t cope with this tragedy. Maybe he was afraid of his daughter’s eternal destiny. Especially, he was afraid of death itself. One of the devil’s most effective strategies is to plant this kind of fear in people. Hebrews 2:15 says that the devil holds people in slavery by their fear of death. Fear is the enemy of faith and trust in God. Jesus said to Jairus, “Don’t be afraid.” It meant, “Don’t lose hope. Don’t give up. Don’t listen to that message. Listen to me.” Jesus also said, “Just believe.” To “just believe” means to keep on trusting Jesus. Jesus wants us to keep our hope and faith in him. Hebrews 11:1 includes hope in the definition of faith. It reads, “Now faith is being sure of what we hope for, and certain of what we do not see.” Jesus also said to Jairus, “and she will be healed.” This is Jesus’ specific promise to Jairus. Jesus promised Jairus, “she will be healed.” It meant, “Don’t worry. I’m in control.” Two Bible translations paraphrase Jesus’ words to Jairus like this; “Just trust in me, and everything will be all right.” (NLT, Message)

Please put yourself in Jairus’ place for a moment. How could Jairus listen to Jesus and accept Jesus’ words when he had just heard the tragic news that his daughter had died? Actually, Jairus had a choice whom he would listen to. Jairus chose to listen to Jesus and accept Jesus’ words, rather than the factual words of reality which came through the bad news messenger. This may seem like he was denying reality and holding an unrealistic hope or expectation. But consider faith in God. We cannot see God with our eyes. Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. Who hopes for what he already has? We each exercise choices every day. For example, we choose who or what we decide to listen to or to look at. Take the internet: we choose the news articles we want to read and we look at the photos we want to look at. Well, most of the time. So the question to ask myself is: who am I going to listen to–pop psychology? the latest movie or novel? a college professor? a neighbor? or Jesus? Jairus decided to listen to Jesus and to keep trusting him. The one who trusts in Jesus will never be put to shame and will never be disappointed. There are many very great and precious promises in the Bible. Are you believing any promise or word of Jesus? I’m not talking about your own wishful thinking or dream or idea. I mean a promise from Jesus in the Bible for you. Faith is not merely wishful thinking. Faith is believing God’s promises that he has given us in the Bible.

There are so many examples in the Bible of those who kept their hope and faith in a seemingly hopeless situation: Joseph in prison, Daniel in a lion’s den, Daniel’s friends in a fiery furnace, Paul in a shipwreck, on trial and later in prison. These people all overcame with faith in God very real fears. We all face fears of all kinds, even daily: fear of failure, fear of rejection, fear of getting a job or losing a job, fear of our health or our children’s health or spiritual destiny, fear of keeping up with daily obligations, fear of unfruitful ministry, fear of unchanging hearts, even our own, etc, etc, etc. Then what are we going to do? We can either give in to fear or believe God’s word. For example, Matthew 6:33 is a great promise in the Bible that deals with daily provision. There is a promise from God to overcome any fear that threatens or plagues us.

I want to share one example about an Irish missionary named Amy Carmichael. As a missionary in India, she worked to save children from being sold as temple prostitutes. She confronted great opposition, threats of physical danger and criminal charges of kidnapping to rescue the children. But she persisted in her faith and mission and after 12 years had 130 children under her care. She also wrestled with remaining single all her life. She shared her struggle with one of her rescued children: “I had feelings of fear about the future. The devil kept on whispering, ‘It’s all right now, but what about afterwards? You are going to be very lonely.’ And I turned to my God in a kind of desperation and said, ‘Lord, what can I do? How can I go on to the end?’ And He said, ‘None of them that trust in Me shall be desolate.’ That word has been with me ever since. It has been fulfilled to me. It will be fulfilled to you.” [In "From Jerusalem To Irian Jaya," by Ruth Tucker, p.241]

So what happened next after Jesus’ words to Jairus? Jairus led Jesus to his house. Obviously, he took Jesus’ word rather than the messenger’s advice. Jesus went in to the house with Peter, John and James, and the child’s parents. There were also many people wailing and mourning for the dead girl. “Stop wailing,” Jesus said. “She is not dead but asleep.” This is not the only time in the Bible that death is called sleep. Death is not the end as unbelievers think. Just as morning comes after a night’s sleep, we all must appear before God after death for judgment. Hebrews 9:27 says, “man is destined to die once and after that to face judgment…” Jesus said in John 5:28-29, “a time is coming when all who in their graves will hear his voice and come out–those who have done good will rise to live, and those who have done evil will rise to be condemned.”

The mourners and wailers in Jairus’ house laughed when they heard Jesus’ words. One moment they were crying and the next they were laughing. They laughed because they knew she was dead. But Jesus was not trying to make a joke. Look at verse 54. “But he took her by the hand and said, “My child, get up!” Jesus called the healed bleeding woman, “daughter.” Jesus called this young girl, “My child.” She too was precious to Jesus. Jesus commanded her, “Get up!” When Jesus said, “Get up!” her spirit returned, and at once she stood up. With one command of Jesus, the girl’s spirit returned to her body and she was alive again! Then Jesus told them to give her something to eat. Jesus was mindful of her physical condition, for she must have been weak and hungry. Her parents were astonished, but he ordered them not to tell anyone what had happened. This girl owed her life to Jesus. Jairus owed Jesus a lifetime of thanks. Jesus is the Lord of life and the God of hope. Jesus is the Great Physician, our Healer and Savior. In today’s passage we learned to come to Jesus as we are. Let’s hold on to Jesus’ promise and experience his power and love. Let’s give thanks and glory to Jesus and share with others his grace to us–what he has done for us personally. Let’s overcome all attacks of fear with his promises. Jesus says to us, “Don’t be afraid; just believe.”

Luke 24:36-53, Key Verse: 24:46-47

“He told them, ‘This is what is written: The Christ will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day, and repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his names to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.’”

Last weekend we delved more deeply into the events and meaning of Jesus’ death and resurrection. The death and resurrection of Jesus Christ are the two pillars of the New Testament and Christian faith. Jesus Christ died on a cross for our sins. Jesus was laid in a tomb. Then Jesus rose again from the dead on the third day. This is the gospel–the good news that has been preached from then until now. It is the gospel that will be preached until Jesus comes again. This is the good news that saves all who receive and believe it. May we all live every day with this good news in our hearts, in our feet and on our lips.

First, the empty tomb of Jesus (1-12). Although we will not study these verses in detail, it is good to review the events at Jesus’ tomb. Jesus’ dead body was taken down from the cross and buried in a tomb by Joseph of Arimathea. Mary Magdalene and several other women saw where his tomb was and how his dead body was laid in it. Then they went home for a day since it was Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. Early on Sunday morning, they went to the tomb to anoint Jesus’ dead body. When they arrived, they found the tombstone rolled away from the tomb entrance and the body of the Lord Jesus was gone. Two men in gleaming clothes (actually angels) said to them, “Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told you, while he was still with you in Galilee: ‘The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, be crucified and on the third day be raised again.’” The women went back to the Eleven apostles with this great news. But the apostles did not believe the women, because their words seemed to them like nonsense.

Today too, the resurrection of Jesus Christ sounds to many people like nonsense. Many skeptics have tried to explain away Jesus’ empty tomb. Some say that Jesus never died in the first place. But Jesus died on the cross. This was witnessed by Roman soldiers, by Jewish opponents, and by followers of Jesus. Others try to argue that someone stole the body. But the Romans and the Jews had nothing to gain by stealing the body and then concealing it, and Jesus’ disciples would not have proclaimed it with joy to their deaths. So stealing the body makes no sense and still would not explain the resurrection appearances of Jesus. Some propose they looked in the wrong tomb. That also would have been easily corrected by both friends and enemies of Jesus. There really remains only one logical conclusion to the empty tomb: Jesus Christ rose physically from the dead. Among all great men in history, only Jesus Christ rose from the dead. All the others were buried and decayed. The resurrection of Christ, the Holy One, was foretold by David in Psalm 16:10b. It reads, “…nor will you let your Holy One see decay.” Peter quoted this in his Pentecost sermon (Ac 2:31). Jesus’ tomb was empty, because Jesus rose from the dead, never to die again. Jesus is alive today, seated at the right hand of God the Father. From there, he will come again to judge the living and the dead. All who believe in Jesus, love and obey a living Lord, who is King of all kings and Lord of all lords. Christians do not worship a dead leader, but the Savior and Judge who is alive and who is coming again. Jesus will bring salvation to all who are waiting for him.

Second, risen Jesus teaches the Bible on the road (13-35). Luke’s gospel has one of the most interesting and surprising appearances of the risen Christ, who appears to two men as they are walking away from Jerusalem. Again, I don’t want to study this section in detail, but just note a few things. Luke records these two men, even though we only know one of their names–Cleopas–as the first ones to encounter the risen Christ. And they didn’t even recognize him for an hour’s walk! Why did Jesus appear to these two men? It’s not clear why risen Jesus chose to appear to these two men, but we can see a few things from his time with them. We see that Jesus turned their sorrow into joy and their lost hopes into new hope. They left Jerusalem sad, but after meeting the risen Christ, they became joyful, bold witnesses of Christ. Also, though their hopes in Jesus were dashed when Jesus died, the risen Jesus gave them new and living hope in the kingdom of God. Here I have to ask an important question. In what is your hope? If your hope is in something in the world, it is a dead or dying hope, because everything in this world dies some day: whether it’s wealth, or position, or pleasure, or another person–all of these perish, spoil and fade away some day.

Gary Habermas is a top scholar in defending the resurrection of Jesus Christ. He rarely loses a debate regarding the plausibility of the resurrection. But what really put his faith to the test was not academic but personal: his wife died of stomach cancer, leaving their four children for him to raise alone. His students asked him, “Believing the resurrection really makes a difference doesn’t it?” In the midst of his human sorrow, he wanted to ask God, “Why?” But he kept imagining God’s reply, “Did I raise my Son from the dead?” The powerful certainty and truth of the resurrection has comforted and cheered him continually in the realization that he will see his wife again, along with Jesus.

There is one more thing I want to note about the risen Jesus’ talk along the road with these two little-known disciples: Jesus did not try to convince them with physical evidence. Jesus tried to convince them with the word of God in the Hebrew Scriptures, which Christians now call the Old Testament. Jesus had a Genesis to Malachi Bible study on the road with these two men. Can you find Christ throughout the Old Testament? Try it some time. Jesus Christ is the offspring of woman in Genesis 3:15 who would crush the serpent’s head. He is alluded to in Abraham’s sacrifice of his one and only son, Isaac, and receiving him back on the third day. He is the Passover lamb, sacrificed for us. Listen to this prophecy of Daniel 7:13-14, “…there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.”

Finally, while Jesus was breaking bread with the two in Emmaus, their eyes were opened and they recognized him, and he disappeared from their sight. They asked each other, “Were not our hearts burning within us while he talked with us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?” Here we see that burning-heart Bible study leads us to believe in Jesus, the Son of God, who died for our sins and rose again from the dead.

Third, the risen Christ appears to his disciples (36-49). We will look at this section more carefully. The two from Emmaus had just come back to Jerusalem and were talking with the Eleven apostles and some others. The Lord had also appeared to Simon, which Luke mentions but does not expound. Why did the risen Jesus delay appearing to the apostles, rather than going to them right away? Consider this: the women received the angels’ message: “He has risen!” and went and told the Eleven. Then the two on the road to Emmaus recognized Jesus and ran back to tell the Eleven. It seems then that Jesus was preparing the Eleven apostles with the testimony of others first. Look at verse 36. “While they were still talking about this, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, ‘Peace be with you.’” Jesus gave them peace for their fearful and restless hearts. Sometimes I feel a distance from my children, perhaps because they might see me as a legalistic trainer with high expectations. Jesus is not legalistic like I am. Jesus blesses his people with peace–peace with God and peace with others. Remember the angel’s words at his birth: “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men on whom his favor rests.” All people really want peace. Many people pray for world peace. I have heard that many Jewish people believe that the Messiah will bring world peace. I also heard of a recent peace conference with people excited about peace, although they weren’t quite sure how to bring it about. How can we experience this peace? Romans 5:1 says, “Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.” Jesus is the Prince of Peace. Where Jesus is Lord, in one’s heart, in one’s family, there is peace. Jesus gives grace and peace to his people: peace with God, and peace with people.

How did this gathering of disciples respond to the risen Christ’s greeting of peace? Did they receive it? Verse 37 says they were startled and frightened, thinking they saw a ghost. Once when Jesus walked on water they had a similar response, thinking they saw a ghost. When people can’t explain some supernatural phenomenon, they often conclude it is a ghost or a spirit. But the risen Jesus was not a ghost. How did the risen Jesus try to convince them? He said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why do doubts rise in your minds? Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and see; a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have.” Risen Jesus showed them the nail scars in his hands and feet. Jesus gave them permission to touch him. Risen Jesus had a physical body, although it was glorified and immortal. Still, the disciples did not believe it because of joy and amazement. They were really slow to believe, even though they had seen so many miracles of Jesus, even the raising of 3 dead people by Jesus. So, to further demonstrate his bodily resurrection, risen Jesus asked them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate it in their presence. Risen Jesus did not need the fish to survive. But he ate it to prove the physical reality of his resurrection. This, together with the fact of the empty tomb, destroys any notion that Jesus only rose spiritually from the dead. Jesus rose bodily from the grave.

So we have seen two evidences of Jesus’ resurrection thus far: the empty tomb and the physical evidence of Jesus’ bodily resurrection. There is another major evidence of Jesus’ resurrection: the Scriptures. The Scriptures foretold both his death and resurrection. Let’s read verse 44 together. “He said to them, ‘This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms.’” Actually, Jesus had directly predicted his death and resurrection to his disciples at least three times before it happened. The first time was immediately after Peter confessed Jesus as “The Christ of God.” Jesus said in Luke 9:22, “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.” Again, before it happened, Jesus took the Twelve aside and told them in Luke 18:31-32, “We are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written by the prophets about the Son of Man will be fulfilled. He will be handed over to the Gentiles. They will mock him, insult him, spit on him, flog him and kill him. On the third day he will rise again.” But his disciples were quick to forget his words.

Not only Jesus’ own words, but the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms also foretold his death and resurrection. For example, Psalm 22 is perhaps the most amazing prophecy of Jesus’ suffering and death. This psalm, written by David 1000 years before Christ, begins with words that Jesus echoed from the cross, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Mk 15:34; Mt 27:46) Psalm 22:7-8 speaks of his mockery and verse 18 to the casting of lots for his clothes. Isaiah 53, written around 700 B.C., is perhaps the greatest prophecy of the meaning of Jesus’ death. Isaiah 53:5-6 says, “But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. We all, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”

Verse 45 says, “Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures.” Paul spoke of a veil over the hearts of unbelievers, that is only taken away in Christ, whenever anyone turns to the Lord (2Co 3:14). In a similar way, the disciples’ minds were opened when they saw the risen Christ and believed the resurrection. For example, before his death Jesus had publicly said, “Destroy this temple and I will raise it in three days.” After the resurrection, the disciples understood that Jesus was not talking about the temple building, but Jesus’ own body as the temple which would be resurrected on the third day.

The risen Jesus had more to say to his disciples. He told them, “This is what is written: The Christ will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day, and repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things.” The risen Christ told them that they would be his witnesses. They were the ones who were to carry the gospel message to all nations. If not them, then who? What were they to preach in his name to all nations, that is, to all peoples and cultures on earth? Luke says, “repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations.” What is repentance? Repentance is turning away from sin and self to God for salvation. For example, for one who trusts in his own goodness, effort, determination or relative righteousness, he must admit that he cannot save himself and rather trust Jesus for his salvation. One sinning sexually must repent and resolve to live a pure life by God’s grace and help. One young woman testified that she once believed her own plan would lead to happiness. But she repented and accepted Jesus’ way and command ahead of her own idea. Then she experienced the freedom of forgiveness–freedom from her shame, guilt and condemnation. The forgiveness of sins comes to those who repent and believe the gospel of Jesus Christ and who commit themselves to Jesus as the Lord of their lives. Acts 10:43 says, “All the prophets testify about him that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.” So many people are trusting in their own goodness to get to heaven, but their own goodness will not be enough. It is pride that hinders them. 1 Peter 5:5 says, “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” And Romans 10:13 reads, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.” Psalm 14:1 says, “The fool says in his heart, ‘There is no God.’” But, according to Luke 18:13-14, God will forgive one who prays, “God, have mercy on me, a sinner.” 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 summarizes the gospel excellently: “Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures…he was buried…he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures.” This is the gospel of salvation for all who believe. This is the good news that we must hold firmly to and that we are to proclaim faithfully and with love to a perishing and hopeless world.

The disciples were to proclaim this gospel “beginning at Jerusalem,” which is right where they were. If they did not spread the gospel, then who would proclaim the gospel? All who have hope and faith in Jesus Christ are privileged and obligated to proclaim the good news to those around them, right where they are. We are now among the students of Chicago, especially the students of Northwestern, UIC, Northeastern, Loyola, Oakton, Truman, and downtown campuses. If you do not share the gospel with them, who will? Let us each share the gospel with the people around us, beginning right where we are each day.

Risen Jesus had one more thing to say to his disciples. Look at verse 49. “I am going to send you what my Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high.” Here, Jesus was telling them to wait in Jerusalem for the gift of the Holy Spirit. They needed the presence and power of the Holy Spirit to live as witnesses of Jesus in a hostile and unbelieving world. We also each need the presence and power of the Holy Spirit to believe in Jesus, to love him and to live as his disciples. How can we receive the Holy Spirit? We must repent of our sins, believe and obey Jesus, and ask our Father in heaven for the gift of his Holy Spirit (Ac 2:38; 5:32; Lk 11:13).

Fourth, Jesus ascended into heaven. Luke records the departure of the risen Christ. If Jesus had not ascended into heaven, he would still be walking on earth today, for he could never die in his resurrection body. While blessing them, Jesus left them and was taken up into heaven. It sounds other-worldly that Jesus went up into the skies. But recall that the prophet Elijah was also taken up to heaven in a whirlwind and a chariot of fire. Jesus now sits at the right hand of God the Father in heaven. There are many promises in the Bible that Jesus will come again in power and glory to judge the living and the dead, and he will bring salvation to all who are waiting for him. This is our hope. This is our faith.

So what are the proofs of Jesus’ resurrection? The empty tomb, the physical evidence of eyewitnesses, and the prophecies in the Scriptures. There is one more: the changed lives of those who believe. Through faith and hope in Christ, the women’s sorrow was turned to joy and the men’s fear was turned to courage, peace and love. Through faith in Christ, Paul was changed from a murderous hater of Christians to a sacrificial, father-like shepherd for the church of God. I grew up in a Christian home. But when my dad died of a heart attack, I confessed 8 months later, “I don’t really believe in God. I don’t know what I believe.” A few days later, the joy of Jesus’ birth came to me. A few months after that, the truth of the resurrection came into my mind and heart. I understood for the first time personally: “There is no hope in this world, because everything in the world dies some day. The only living hope is Jesus Christ, because he rose from the dead.” Jesus became my hope. Since then I have shared the gospel with others, especially with Northwestern students as a Bible teacher and prayer servant. From time to time, I depend on my own strength or wisdom. At such times, I fall under some element of death, like laziness, lust, pride, indifference, anger, etc. Who will rescue me from this body of death? Thanks be to God–through Jesus Christ my Lord and Savior! (Ro 7:25) I still believe this is the message of salvation that must be believed and preached: Christ died for our sins and rose from the dead. For those who have faith and hope in Jesus, it is our privilege and obligation to share it with all the people around us, beginning right where we are. And this gospel will be preached in his name to all nations, until Jesus comes again. Amen. Come, Lord Jesus.

Luke 22:1-23, Key Verse: 22:20

by kevin Albright

“In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.’”

This coming weekend we will gather in groups at our Easter Bible conferences to learn more deeply the core of the Christian faith: Jesus’ death and resurrection. This is the gospel, the good news of God–through our Lord Jesus Christ our sins are forgiven and we have eternal life in God’s kingdom. Today, we want to think about Jesus’ words to his disciples at his Last Supper. We will also celebrate the Lord’s Supper since Jesus commanded his disciples, “do this in remembrance of me.” If you believe in Jesus Christ and confess him as your Lord and Savior you are invited to celebrate the Lord’s Supper.

1. The Passover was approaching (1-6)

First, remembering the Passover. Look at verse 1. “Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread, called the Passover, was approaching…” In verses 1-16, the Passover is mentioned or alluded to 8 times. Jesus’ last meal was a Passover meal. Jesus gave his life during an annual Passover season.

What is the Passover? It is an important annual feast for the Jewish people. The Passover recalls an event in Moses’ time when the Israelites were slaves in Egypt. God gave a message through Moses to the king of Egypt, “Let my people go.” When he refused, God sent 10 plagues on Egypt as judgment on the ‘gods of Egypt.’ The final plague was on the firstborn. Every firstborn throughout Egypt would die. But God gave the Israelite slaves directions how to save their firstborn: they had to smear the blood of a lamb on the doorframes of their homes. As the LORD executed judgment throughout Egypt, he ‘passed over’ the homes that had the lamb’s blood. This was such a devastating plague that the king of Egypt finally let the Israelites go. They were freed after 400 years–many generations–of slavery. Thus, the Passover commemorated two things: the salvation of their firstborn from death, and their freedom from slavery. The Passover marked the birth of a free nation, Israel, like their independence day. Since that time, the Jews have celebrated the Passover annually as a time of thanks and praise to God for his great deliverance and salvation.

Second, the devil’s work in several people. Understanding the importance of the Passover, in Jesus’ time the leaders of Israel should have led the people in this holy commemoration. But what were they doing? Verse 2 tells us, “…and the chief priests and the teachers of the law were looking for some way to get rid of Jesus, for they were afraid of the people.” It is shocking that the leaders of God’s chosen people were plotting how to get rid of Jesus. They wanted to arrest Jesus away from the public eye, since people thronged to Jesus. Jesus was loved and respected by the crowds because he went around doing good–healing the sick, driving out demons and proclaiming the message of God’s kingdom. The leaders acted out of fear of men and envy of Jesus. They were spiritually blind and gave the devil an open door to come in and use them for evil.

Even one of Jesus’ own disciples was used by the devil. Look at verses 3-6. “Then Satan entered Judas, called Iscariot, one of the Twelve. And Judas went to the chief priests and the officers of the temple guard and discussed with them how he might betray Jesus. They were delighted and agreed to give him money. He consented, and watched for an opportunity to hand Jesus over to them when no crowd was present.” How could one so close to Jesus, one of his own Twelve chosen disciples, do this? Luke explains that Satan entered Judas Iscariot. It was the devil’s work in Judas. Our enemy, the devil, prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour and use for evil. How can we overcome the devil? The Bible says, “Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.” (Jas 4:7) It also says, “…do not give the devil a foothold.” (Eph 4:27) No one can defeat the devil with his own strength or wisdom. So Jesus taught us to pray, “lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.” When Jesus faced the devil’s temptations, he showed us how to resist the devil by holding on to God’s word and by loving God.

2. Jesus’ Last Supper (7-20)

First, Jesus is our Passover lamb. Look at verse 7. The day of Unleavened Bread came. The unleavened bread (matzah) reminded them of their hasty departure from Egypt. Luke says that this was the day ‘on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed.’ This alludes to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God. In 1 Corinthians 5:7 Paul wrote, “For Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed.” During the original Passover, the firstborn children of Israel were saved by the lamb’s blood. But Jesus’ blood saves everyone who trusts in him from their sins. John the Baptist understood this and testified of Jesus, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” Peter also called Jesus a sacrificial lamb saying, “For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect.” (1Pe 1:18) By faith in Jesus’ blood, we sinners can be saved from God’s righteous judgment, delivered from our slavery to sin, and healed from our sinsicknesses. By faith in Jesus’ blood, we are Jesus’ sheep, and no one can snatch us out of his hand. We are saved from our sins by God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ. Eternal praise and thanks be to Jesus Christ, our Passover lamb!

Second, make preparations by obeying Jesus. Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.” They asked him where they were to prepare for it. Jesus told them in verses 10-12. “As you enter the city, a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him to the house that he enters, and say to the owner of the house, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?’ He will show you a large upper room, all furnished. Make preparations there.” Bible scholars say this was likely the home of John Mark, who wrote Mark’s gospel.

What is significant of Jesus’ directions here? For one thing, it shows Jesus’ omniscience. Jesus knew in great detail all that was going to transpire in the next 24 hours. Though things would soon look out of control with Jesus’ arrest and trial, God was in complete control. Notice that Jesus seemed to intentionally keep the Passover place secret. Perhaps this was to avoid informing Judas who might lead his enemies there. Jesus still wanted time to prepare himself for his death in a night of prayer. Jesus also wanted time to teach his disciples the new meaning of the Passover meal.

Look at verse 13. “They left and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.” One thing we learn here is that for those who follow Jesus’ instructions, things work out. On the other hand, when we follow our own plans, desires or ideas, things often get messed up. Proverbs 3:5-6 says, “Trust in the LORD with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make your paths straight.” Proverbs 14:12 warns, “There is a way that seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death.” To grow as a disciple of Jesus, one must learn to listen to Jesus and put Jesus’ word ahead of his own plan, idea or desire. Blessed and wise are those who put Jesus’ words into practice.

Third, the meaning of Jesus’ body given for us. Look at verses 14-18. “When the hour came, Jesus and his apostles reclined at the table. And he said to them, ‘I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God.’ After taking the cup, he gave thanks and said, ‘Take this and divide it among you. For I tell you I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.’” Jesus eagerly wanted to teach his disciples the meaning of his suffering and death before it happened. Jesus would soon suffer and die. But he knew his death would not be the end. His death would open the way to the feast in the kingdom of God.

Let’s read verse 19 together. “And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, ‘This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” Jesus took the bread and gave thanks to God. How could Jesus thank God when he knew that he would suffer and die a brutal death? Jesus gave thanks knowing that God is good. “Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his love endures forever.” (Ps 136:1) Life is hard. But God is good. God is our Protector, our Provider, and our loving Father in heaven. The Lord will rescue us from every evil attack and bring us safely to his heavenly kingdom (2Ti 4:18). We can give thanks in all circumstances when we believe firmly that God is good and God’s will is good, pleasing and perfect.

Jesus broke the bread and gave it to his disciples. Soon Jesus would allow his own body to be broken, wounded, torn, and bruised for our salvation. Peter later wrote, “He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed.” (1Pe 2:24) Jesus gave the bread to his disciples and said, “This is my body given for you…” Jesus gave his body to be beaten, whipped and crucified on their behalf and ours too. 1 Peter 3:18 says, “For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God.” Is there any greater love than this? Jesus said, “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. You are my friends if you do what I command.” (Jn 15:13-14)

What does it mean that Jesus’ body is our bread? Jesus once declared to a hungry, demanding crowd in John 6, “I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty.” (Jn 6:35) Again, Jesus said to the same people, “Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him. Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me.” (Jn 6:56-57) What does it mean to ‘feed on Jesus’? To feed on Jesus is to have a living personal relationship with him through faith and prayer. To feed on Jesus is to come to him in faith every day and throughout the day for strength, sustenance, guidance and fulfillment. To feed on Jesus is to find joy, hope and meaning by relying on him.

Jesus also said, “…do this in remembrance of me.” Just as the Jews commemorate the Passover every year, Jesus wants his followers to commemorate his sacrifice and commune with him and with other believers in Christ. We can remember Jesus and thank him every time we see a cross, every time we worship, every time we pray. This coming weekend we will gather at our Easter conferences to more deeply commune with Jesus and with others in his name. May the grace and love of his death and the glory and hope of his resurrection be real and move us each personally. Today we also celebrate communion as a church to remember and thank Jesus and to be newly united with him and with other believers in his name.

Fourth, the meaning of Jesus’ blood poured out for us. Let’s read verse 20. “In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.’” Jesus said the cup is a ‘new covenant.’ What is a covenant? Biblically, a covenant is a binding relationship between two parties. In this case, the new covenant is a binding relationship between Jesus and his followers. Then what was the old covenant? We call the Hebrew Scriptures the Old Testament, or Old Covenant. In the Old Testament, God made several covenants with people and their descendants, including Noah (Gen 9:11ff) and Abraham (Gen 17:7ff). In Moses’ time, God made a covenant with his people Israel, saying, “Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” (Ex 19:5-6) Then God gave them his laws, including the Ten Commandments, for them to obey. The people responded, “We will do everything the LORD has said; we will obey.” Then Moses took the blood of offerings, sprinkled it on the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words.” (Ex 24:8) This was the old covenant, but it was conditional, based on the peoples’ obedience.

Jeremiah prophesied of a new covenant in Jeremiah 31:31-34, which the New Testament quotes in Hebrews 8:8-12. It says: “The time is coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they broke my covenant, though I was a husband to them,” declares the LORD. “This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time,” declares the LORD. “I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will a man teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest,” declares the LORD. “For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more.”

Jesus established this new covenant ‘in his blood.’ His blood refers to his blood shed on the cross. Matthew 26:28 says more directly, “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.” The blood of Jesus has power to save and cleanse sinners from their sins. Romans 3:25 says of Jesus, “God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood.” Hebrews 9:14-15 compares the blood of goats and bulls with the blood of Jesus: “How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance–now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.” Jesus’ blood was poured out for us, to purify us from all sin.

The forgiveness of sins is not the final objective. It is the means to an end. The end objective is a new covenant–a new and right relationship with God as children of God and heirs of his kingdom. Romans 8:16 says, “The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children.” The Holy Spirit gives us confidence to call God, “Father.” Jesus died to open a new way of relationship between God and all people through the forgiveness of sins. The Holy Spirit at work in every believer makes this new relationship with God possible. For example, sin can make a person cold and rude toward God and others. But the new covenant in Jesus’ blood can make this same person warm and friendly to God and others. Sin makes people wild and rebellious. But the new covenant in Jesus’ blood and the work of the Holy Spirit changes people to be humble and joyful. I know so many people who have been changed by the power and grace of Jesus through faith in him. I will share just one example. One young man had no living relationship with Christ, though he attended church regularly. I think he would say he attended church to feel good about himself and to look down on others. He used to listen to dark and rebellious music. He had a foul mouth and delighted in lewd thoughts with no reason or power to resist. Then he studied the Bible, cautiously at first. Gradually he found joy, hope, meaning and new life in Jesus, which he did not have before. Many can testify to the changing power of a relationship with Jesus Christ. Can you? This change is possible and real through faith in Jesus’ death and resurrection.

As Jesus offered the cup to his disciples, he offers salvation to all sinners. There is power in the blood of Jesus Christ. Only his blood to can take away our sins. Have you taken Jesus’ body and blood in faith? Are you in a covenant relationship with Jesus? Some are hindered by fear, fear of losing something in order to follow Jesus. But Jesus promised a hundred times more than anything we sacrifice to follow him (Mt 19:29). Some are obstructed by pride, thinking they are good enough. The Bible says “there is no one righteous, not even one.” (Ro 3:10) Some are hindered by guilt: How could God forgive my sin?” The Bible says, “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness.” (1Jn 1:9) Some are hindered by unbelief: “I tried to change myself, but it didn’t work. I don’t think I can be changed.” 2Co 5:17 disagrees with this pessimism saying, “Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come!”

For those who have received Jesus’ grace, don’t be complacent or depend on your own goodness or effort. You still need his grace. It is only his grace that has saved you and that will continue to save and sanctify you. Keep on trusting in him alone, not in a righteousness of your own. Also, if you know his saving grace, don’t keep it to yourself. Proclaim it to others with love and joy, that they too may hear his promise and enter into a relationship with Jesus through the new covenant in his blood.

“Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken your first love. Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first.”

Click here to watch the video of this message

Revelation chapters 2 and 3 are Christ’s letter to the seven churches in Asia through Apostle John. At that time, the author of this book, the Apostle John was preaching the gospel when he was arrested by Roman Emperor Domitian. He was sent to the island of Patmos and forced to do hard labor. He went to a cave and prayed. There he saw a vision and wrote the Book of Revelation. So this book is the prison Epistle of the Apostle John. Here the seven churches were actual churches. However, these seven churches represent the Church of the entire world. We want to think about this passage in Revelation 2 in two parts: First, (2:1-7), The Lord’s letter to the church in Ephesus. Second (8-17), the Lord’s letters to the churches in Smyrna and Pergamum. As we study this passage, I pray that we may restore our first love for our Lord.
I. Christ’s letter to the church in Ephesus (1-7)

What kind of city was Ephesus? Ephesus was the largest port city of Asia Minor. It was the trading and business center of Asia Minor. The temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, (Acts 19:35) was there. The people practiced Emperor worship and magic. So, Ephesus was a city of idol worship, hedonism and corruption. What did Christ look to the church in Ephesus? Look at verse 1. “These are the words of him who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands.” Jesus is “he who holds the seven stars in his right hand” (1b). Jesus appeared to the churches as the Sovereign Lord. Christ rules over his church and the saints with love and power. How did he commend the church in Ephesus?

Verse 2a says, “I know your deeds, your hard work.” Christ acknowledged their deeds of faith. In the church of Ephesus, there were many acts of faith done by first generation Christians. He also commended their perseverance (2c). In 1 Thessalonians 1:3, Apostle Paul said that we persevere because of hope. The reason we can persevere in spite of many temptations and hardships is because of our hope in Jesus’ second coming. This postmodern atmosphere is like that of Sodom and Gomorrah. The secret of overcoming this atmosphere is to hold on to the hope of Jesus’ second coming. Jesus commended the church in Ephesus for not tolerating false apostles (2d, 3, 6). Our community must be a community of love. At the same time, we must guard against bad influence from false apostles who hinder and destroy the Christian community. We should not follow evil trends of the time. At that time, false apostles (Nicolaitans) spread gnosticism and hedonism.This hindered gospel faith. However, the church in Ephesus exposed them and warned against their false teachings.

How did Christ rebuke the church in Ephesus? Look at verse 4. “Yet I hold this against you: you have forsaken your first love.” Then, what does it mean that they have forsaken their first love?

First, they have forsaken their first love for God. They say the first love is pure and sincere. This is not the humanistic “eros” love. The Ephesian Christian community’s love for Jesus was greater than that of today Christian community. Although they were gentiles, they experienced greater love of Christ through the Apostle Paul’s sincere Bible study and they became men and women of God. They had kept this great love of Jesus in their hearts. It was their first love. How did we experience our first love? 1 John 3:16 says, “This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.” When we know and experience Jesus Christ who laid down his life for us on the cross, we can have his burning love in us. How can we express our first love to Jesus? We also should lay down our lives for our brothers. (1 Jn 3:16b). Because of their fervent love for Jesus, they took care of God’s flock. Because of their fervent love for Jesus, they endured hardships.

In Mark 12:29-31, a teacher of the law came to Jesus and asked about the greatest commandment. Jesus answered, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.” At that time, Pharisees kept all the laws meticulously. Even though they said that they loved God and prayed regularly and praised God, the temperature of their love toward God was cold, and their hearts were far from God. Jesus said, “These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me” (Mark 7:6). In the West, people love others and sometimes even their spouses with their lips only. Their hearts are far from true love. So they divorce easily. We should love God not only with our lips, but with our hearts. When we sin, we must repent with contrite hearts and tears like King David. Then we can restore our love relationship with God. Jesus told us to love God with all our soul and with all our strength. When we love our 1:1 Bible students or coworkers, we can sacrifice time, money and pride for them. Moreover, when we love God, we should not spare our soul and our strength, not even our lives. Maybe we can love God once, but it is not easy for us to love God with all our soul continually for our lifetime. We have to make a daily decision to do so.

Second, to forsake one’s first love means to forsake God’s commandments. To love God is the first commandment. To love one’s neighbor as one’s self is the second commandment. (Mark 12:31). Jesus taught us that the first commandment demands a love relationship with God and the second demands a love relationship with our neighbors “Love your neighbor as yourself”. We think we work hard for God, sacrificing our bodies and our time. However, we love ourselves more than anything else. Even when we make some sacrifices, it is our instinct to ultimately desire to keep our bodies whole and improve them. Jesus taught us to love others genuinely and secretly, and as consistently as we love ourselves. Jesus acknowledged that we love ourselves. In reality, those who mistreat themselves cannot love their neighbors. Only those who love and appreciate themselves are able to love others in the right way. How did Jesus teach us to love our neighbors? “So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets” (Matthew 7:12). As Jesus says in this verse, we must do to others what we would have them do to us. Jesus said to Peter, “Do you truly love me more than these?” Then Jesus said, “Feed my lambs.” (Jn 21:15) When I experienced Jesus’ love at first, Jesus told me to feed God’s flock of sheep with this love. In my early medical school days, because of my first love for Jesus, I invited all of my classmates to group Bible study. I divided them into 4 groups and taught them the word of God. Why do we have to love God with all our heart and soul?

First, because God is our Creator, and we are His creation. (Gen. 1:1) God is the origin of all things. He is our Creator. As children obey and love their parents, we must love our God with all our hearts because He is our Maker.

Second, because God is our Savior. (Jn 3:16). God sent his one and only Son Jesus to us when we were doomed to perish because of our sins. Jesus died on the cross to save us from sin and destruction. Moreover, He freed us from the power of death, which makes our lives miserable. Therefore, it is natural for saved sinners to love God with all their hearts and minds.

Third, because we live a happy and fruitful life when we love God with all our hearts. When God created man, he was very happy. God blessed man and gave him a mission to be fruitful, increase in number and fill the earth. (Gen. 1:28). God gave man a mission to bear abundant fruit. When we love God with all our hearts and make a deep love relationship with God, we become happy and bear abundant fruit (John 15:5).

What life direction did God give the Ephesus Christians? Look at verse 5, “Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first. If you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place.” In order to recover one’s first love, one should realize how and why one has fallen from it. So, Jesus says, “Repent and do the things you did at first!” (5a). He means that they should restore their first love. This means they should restore their first love for their neighbors. What was the reason the Ephesus church lost her first burning love?

First, because the love between brothers grew cold in the course of exposing and punishing false teachers in the church. In the beginning, the church in Ephesus had a burning love toward God. (Acts 20:36-37). However, this love grew cold when arguments and division grew among Christians.

Second, because they did not renew it everyday. 5a says, “Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first.” It is not easy to remember continually. We should renew everyday to remember always. It is just like the saying: “Out of sight, out of mind.” As we feed a fire charcoal in order to maintain the fire, our love can cool down unless we fan it into fire everyday. Likewise, we should renew our burning love for Jesus everyday through God’s word. Otherwise, our love for him will gradually cool down and become cold. Jesus said, “If you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place” (5c). This means that Jesus, who is the head of the church, will leave the church. I experienced the burning love of Jesus on the cross when I first studied the Bible. I was willing to give my life for Jesus. When I gave up my career as a physician in order to be a UBF staff, my love for Jesus was strongest. But as time passed by, my love for Jesus grew cold. Whenever I repented and newly meditated on the love of Jesus on the cross, the temperature of my love again rose–sometimes from 70 degrees to 140 degrees

When I see myself, I am like the church in Ephesus. I too have forsaken my first love. I must repent and meditate on the love of Jesus and accept his love and restore my love again up to 212 degrees F. The Lord rebuked the church in Laodicea, “I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either one or the other. So, because you are lukewarm–neither hot nor old–I am about to spit you out of my mouth.” (Rev. 3:15,16) There is a movie titled, “Hot is Better.” Our Lord also likes “hot”. Is your faith lukewarm? If so, the Lord will spit you out of his mouth. Even if you are so hot to burn his tongue, he would like it. What was the conclusion of Jesus’ letter to the Ephesian church? Look at verse 7. “He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will give the right to eat from the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.” Jesus promised to give the tree of life which is in paradise to those who overcome by faith.

II. Letters to the churches in Smyrna and Pergamum (8-17)

Verses 8-11 are the letter to the church in Smyrna. Smyrna was a port city located in the north of Ephesus. It was protected by the Roman Empire because of a pledge of loyalty to Rome. So the place became the central location of emperor worship. Jesus did not rebuke this church, but only encouraged and commended them. Jesus appeared in a resurrection body to the church in Smyrna. They had struggled to keep their faith in the midst of afflictions and poverty(8). Jesus comforted them saying, “I know your afflictions and your poverty” (9a). Jesus told them that they were rich even though they were financially poor (9b). Jesus acknowledged their faithfulness and blessed their future. In Smyrna, there were many Jewish immigrants. So the place had very strong Jewish traditions and ideas. Many Jewish people persecuted Christians. In the midst of persecution, what direction did Jesus give to the Christians? Look at verse 10c. “Be faithful, even to the point of death, and I will give you the crown of life.” What does it mean to be faithful to the point of death?

First, it means to be faithful even with a few things. In Jesus’ parable of the talents (Mt 25:14-30), the master recognized the two servants who doubled their talents from five and two talents to ten and four talents. “Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things.” If the servant who had received one talent worked and brought one more talent, he would have received the same recognition. In order to be a good and faithful servant, we have to be faithful even with a few things.

Second, it means to be faithful to the end. Even Judas Iscariot was faithful for the first two years. He faithfully served Jesus as the treasurer. But in his third year, he was not faithful and he betrayed Jesus.

Third, it means to be faithful even in adverse circumstances. Polycarp, the disciple of Apostle John, the Overseer of the Smyrna church was arrested because he didn’t worship the Roman Emperor as God. He was about to be burned in the Smyrna amphitheater in AD 155. An executor asked him. “I will let you free if you confess the Emperor as God and deny Christ now.” But Polycarp answered, “I served Christ as my king for 86 years. Christ never disowned me once. How can I disown him now?” He thanked God that he could become a martyr, and sang hymns while he was burning to death. He is a good example of being faithful to the point of death. Some of us have faithfully served God for the last 30 years or 50 years or for a lifetime. I pray that we can be faithful to the point of death.

Verses 12-17 are the letter to the church in Pergamum. What kind of place was Pergamum? It was located 60 miles north of Smyrna. It was the capital city of the Seleucid Dynasty right after the fall of Greece. In 133 BC as Syria merged with the Roman Empire, Pergamum played the role of the capital city of Asia. So, Pergamum was a center of religion and culture. There were Caesar’s temple, Serapeum temple, the temple of Zeus and Dionysius and it was famous for hospitals and medical libraries. It was the city of idol worship. What did Jesus look like to the church in Pergamum? “These are the words of him who has the sharp, double-edged sword (12)” Jesus came as a judge to the Pergamum church where there was immense confusion. The city of Pergamum was a city of confusion, idol worship, corruption and pleasure seeking. Christ encouraged his servants who kept their faith in that atmosphere. Look at verse 13. “I know where you live–where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You did not renounce your faith in me, even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness, who was put to death in your city–where Satan lives.” Antipas was martyred in Pergamum. Because of his good influence, Pergamum Christians kept their faith in the midst of extreme persecution. How did Christ rebuke the church in Pergamum? Look at verse 14.”Nevertheless, I have a few things against you: you have people there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to entice the Israelites to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols and by committing sexual immorality.”

Though most Pergamum Christians were sincere in their faith, some followed Balaam’s teaching. Balaam tempted the Israelites to worship idols and indulge in immorality in the desert of Siddim. Even though he couldn’t directly curse the Israelites, because of his love of money, he tempted the Israelites to worship idols and practice adultery with Moabite women (Numbers 22-25, 31:8, 16). As a result, 24,000 Israelites were killed by God.

According to verse 15, Nicolaitan teaching was same as that of Balaam. Nicolaitan means ’swallowing the people’. This means that they swallowed the people with corrupted and immoral teaching. They claimed that the time of law was over, and people should live without the law. So they promoted lawlessness. They taught that believers could indulge in unlimited physical pleasure since they were already forgiven. Such teaching is comparable to hedonism in our time. Our times are badly influenced by hedonism, materialism and idol worship like Sodom and Gomorrah. As described in the later part of Romans 1 (Ro1:26-31), the world has become full of shameful homo-sexuality, every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity, envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. Love grew cold and people became lawless (Matthew 24:12).

We also live in a flood of bad influences. Even in America, which is known as a Christian country, in 2 states including Massachusetts, which is known as a most intellectual state, gay marriage is legally approved. In America, the divorce rate has reached 60%. Ironically, the divorce rate among American Christians is almost the same. This shows that Christians are being influenced by the world; they are not positively influencing the society. The bad influence of the world corrupts the church. The church in America must expose evil and keep genuine gospel faith like the church in Ephesus. How then may we not be tempted by Balaam’s teaching? First, we have to repent everyday and keep gospel faith (16). Second, we must study God’s word with an absolute attitude and live according to its teaching.

In conclusion, We have to repent and restore our first love everyday. We have to meditate on the love of Jesus on the cross and restore our burning love for Jesus. And we must love our neighbors as ourselves.

“So God said to him, ‘Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be.’”

In chapters 1-2 we saw how God established Solomon as king and how God established the kingdom under his reign. Chapters 3-7 are about the early reign of Solomon. It was a great success and the kingdom was blessed because Solomon ruled with the wisdom of God. We all want this kind of success and to be a blessing. It is possible when we have the wisdom of God. There are two kinds of wisdom: worldly wisdom and divine wisdom. Worldly wisdom can be obtained through education, books, experience, or googling the internet. Usually, worldly wisdom makes man proud; sometimes it hurts people. Divine wisdom cannot be gained by human effort. It comes from God. It is life-giving. It helps man to be humble and reveals God’s glory. With divine wisdom we can shepherd others, even our children. We can manage a family, a fellowship, a church, a community, even a nation. How can we acquire divine wisdom? Let’s learn from Solomon today.

First, Solomon shows his love for the Lord (3:1-4). Look at verse 1. “Solomon made an alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt and married his daughter. He brought her to the City of David until he finished building his palace and the temple of the Lord, and the wall around Jerusalem.” At that time, Egypt was a superpower nation. It was very hard to make an alliance with Egypt, and even harder to marry Pharaoh’s daughter. But Solomon did both. This means that Israel was recognized as a significant nation in the world. However, Solomon’s marriage to a foreign woman was against God’s command (Dt 7:3,4). Solomon might have thought that he could handle her, but it was the seed of disaster. Solomon still had humanistic elements in his heart, though he had removed them from his kingdom. A huge dam can be destroyed by a small hole. In the same way, man can fall into disaster through one small element of humanism. So we should not compromise even in small things.

At that time, there was no center for the spiritual life of the people because the temple had not yet been built (2). According to God’s command, the Israelites had to make burnt offerings at the place God designated to put his Name (Lev 12:5). This was Jerusalem. But they did not follow this command and were sacrificing at the high places. Spiritually speaking, building the temple was most important and urgent for the nation of Israel.

Look at verse 3. “Solomon showed his love for the Lord by walking according to the statutes of his father David, except that he offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places.” Though the author does not excuse Solomon for compromising with the high places, in essence Solomon loved the Lord with all his heart and walked in the footsteps of David in obedience to God. Solomon went up to Gibeon, the most important high place, where the tabernacle and altar that Moses had made were still kept (4; 1 Ch 21:29). There, Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on the altar. Solomon spent a lot of money and engaged the help of many people. Solomon did this deliberately at the beginning of his reign. He showed his love for God and sought God’s favor and blessing first.

Second, Solomon asks for wisdom (5-9). God was not legalistic toward Solomon. God was moved by Solomon’s expression of love for him. In 1 Samuel 2:30b, God had said, “Those who honor me I will honor and those who despise me will be disdained.” When Solomon honored God, God wanted to honor him. So he appeared to Solomon in a dream and said, “Ask for whatever you want me to give you” (5). God was ready to give Solomon whatever he asked of him. Psalm 37:4 says, “Delight yourself in the Lord and he will give you the desires of your heart.” God is our loving Father and he wants to bless us. Some people misunderstand God, thinking that he is harsh and demanding. But God is our loving Father who wants to give everything to his children. And though he knows what is best, he still asks us what we want him to do for us. Our problem is that there are so many things to ask. What would you ask for? Someone may say, “Please pay my mortgage.” Many people first think of asking for money, believing that they can do all things with money. We can go anywhere in the world with money, except to the kingdom of God. We can buy all things with money, except happiness, righteousness, truth, a happy family, true honor, and good health. What should we ask for as children of God? Jesus taught us to pray, “Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven” (Mt 6:9-10).

How did Solomon respond? Look at verse 6. Solomon remembered God’s grace upon his father David. He knew that he became a king, not because of his own merit, but because of God’s grace toward David. Likewise, we receive God’s grace through Jesus Christ, who forgave all our sins. So we have to remember the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. We must also remember God’s grace to us through forefathers. We should realize that God has blessed us through his servants who have gone before us. When we recognize God’s history, the stream of God’s blessing will continue.

Furthermore, Solomon recognized that it was God who made him king. In verse 7a, he said, “Now, O Lord my God, you have made your servant king….” Solomon recognized God’s sovereignty over his life, in contrast to Adonijah. Solomon also recognized his weakness, that he was only a little child who did not know how to carry out his duties (7b). He was humble. God gives grace to the humble (Pr 3:34). Solomon said, “Your servant is here among the people you have chosen, a great people, too numerous to count or number” (8). Solomon respected the people he was called to govern as God’s people. He knew that they were not his subjects, but God’s subjects, and truly respected their greatness in God. David had the same attitude. When God’s people were hiding themselves before Goliath, he did not see them as cowards, but as the army of the living God (1 Sam 17:26). Solomon was aware of God’s destiny upon the people of Israel and upon himself. Solomon wanted to lead God’s people in a right way to fulfill God’s purpose.

Solomon asked, “So give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong. For who is able to govern this great people of yours?” (9) Solomon knew that only God could lead the Israelites in the right way. As God’s servant, he had a strong sense of responsibility and compassion for them. But he did not know what to do. So he asked for a discerning heart to govern them and to distinguish between right and wrong. Solomon makes a great contrast with Adonijah. Adonijah asked for Abishag the Shunammite to be given to him as his wife (2:17). He wanted to marry first, and his motive was not pure. He was killed. But Solomon asked for a discerning heart to govern his people well.

Solomon knew that to distinguish between right and wrong is very important in establishing a lasting kingdom. Yet it is not easy. There are so many criteria to consider. Every generation has its own standard of what is right and wrong. In the eighteenth century, people valued human reason. But human reason cannot be the criteria to distinguish right and wrong. In the nineteenth century, people thought that science was the answer. They expected a utopia without diseases or death or destruction through scientific advancement. But this turned out to be a rosie dream without roots in reality. In our times, postmodern thought denies that there is any absolute right or wrong. Anything can be right and good, in some aspect, even serial killers, homosexuals or adulterers, or tyrants. In this postmodern era people say good is evil and evil is good. When we hear the words, “wicked,” or “sick” used by young people we hardly know what it means. We all need wisdom to discern what is right and wrong. Where can we find this wisdom? Only God’s word gives us the absolute truth about what is right and wrong.

When God created the garden of Eden he commanded man very clearly, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die” (Gen 2:16,17). To obey God’s command was good. To disobey God’s command was evil. God set the standard of good and evil. But the serpent deceived man saying, “You will not surely die. For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil” (Gen 3:4,5). The woman was deceived by the serpent and disobeyed God. Then mankind lost the absolute criteria with which to judge good and evil and began to develop his own standard. Man has been in confusion ever since. St. Augustine had an agony about the existence of evil. The Lord God created the world good. Then how did evil come into being? Through his deep meditation he realized that leaving God, who is absolutely good, is evil. Evil is the absence of God. In other words, to be close to God is good and to be away from God is evil because God is the standard of good. That is why the book of kings judges each one as good or evil “in the eyes of the Lord” (1 Ki 14:8; 15:5,11,26). When we obey God’s word, that is good. When we disobey his word and go away from God, that is evil. Solomon wanted to follow God’s standard of good and evil. He acknowledged that the Lord God is the only judge between right and wrong. So we must seek God first. Proverbs 9:10 says, “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and knowledge of the Holy One is understanding.” True widom and understanding come from God. When we love and obey the Lord from our hearts, God will be pleased and grant us wisdom and understanding. Then we will prosper in all we do. However, if we do not love and obey the Lord, we become fools, though we claim to be wise (Ro 1:21).

We have many things to ask from the Lord such as long life, wealth and the destruction of enemies. These days many people pray for a good job and an improved economy. Many pray for a suitable marriage partner. Those who pray are much better than those who just look around and hope something will happen. Some pray for good health. We need these things. However, we must first ask for what God wants us to have. God really wants to give us the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of wisdom (Eph 1:17). Jesus said in Luke 11:13, “If you then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” God is very eager to give us the Holy Spirit. When God gives the Holy Spirit he gives us sparkling wisdom by which we can help God’s flock in the best way. Sometimes, though we eagerly desire to raise disciples, we lack wisdom to help them. James 1:5 says, “If any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him.” God does not rebuke us, but gives us wisdom by his grace.

Third, God gives Solomon wisdom (10-15). How did God respond to Solomon’s prayer? Look at verse 10. “The Lord was pleased that Solomon had asked for this.” Let’s read verses 11-12. “So God said to him, ‘Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be.” Moreover God wanted to give him what he had not asked for: both riches and honor. As long as he walked in God’s ways and obeyed God’s commands, God would also give him a long life. Here we learn two things.

In the first place, there is prayer that pleases God. This prayer is according to God’s will. 1 John 5:14 says, “This is the confidence that we have in approaching God: that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us.” When we pray according to God’s will he hears and answers. Sometimes we do not receive because we do not ask. Sometimes we ask but do not receive because we ask with wrong motives, that we may spend what we get on our pleasures (Jam 4:2b,3). George Mueller received God’s answer to his prayer 50,000 times. He said the secret of receiving God’s answer was a pure motive. Prayer should not be selfish, but according to God’s will. Then God surely answers our prayer. We must ask according to God’s will.

In the second place, God answers our prayer more abundantly than we ask. God is our Father. When we really ask according to his will, he provides everything generously according to our need. In Matthew 6:33 Jesus said, “But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.” When our prayer pleases God, God will give us all these things as well. Solomon had asked for a discerning heart to govern God’s people. God gave him that and more. God gave him riches, honor, and a promise of long life if he kept God’s commands. If children love and please their father, their father wants to give them everything they want, as long as it is good for them. But if a child does not care about his father and just wants to use his father for selfish gain, the father gives only what the child asks, and no more. When we please God and love God, God will give us everything we need.

Look at verse 15a. “Then Solomon awoke–and he realized it had been a dream.” Though it was a dream, it was the expression of Solomon’s deep desire from his heart. God accepted Solomon’s prayer and God began to answer his prayer. Look at verse 15b. “He returned to Jerusalem, stood before the ark of the Lord’s covenant and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. Then he gave a feast for all his court.” When the king was right with God and his prayer was answered, the kingdom rejoiced.

II. Solomon, a wise king (3:16-4:28)

First, Solomon’s wise judgment (3:16-28). The wisdom that Solomon received from the Lord was well revealed through his judgments for his people. One day two prostitutes came before the king. Solomon was humble and willing to receive any kind of person who wanted to come to him. These two prostitutes lived together and had sons at the same time. One night, due to a bad sleeping habit, one mother rolled over on her baby and he died. She exchanged her dead baby with the other woman’s living baby. But the mother of the living baby realized what had happened and they began to argue. These days we could easily find out whose son it was by DNA testing. But in those days it was one prostitute’s word against another, and it seemed impossible to distinguish between the claims of the two women. It was a test case for the king, to see if he could give a right judgment and show himself to be a wise king.

Solomon said, “Bring me a sword.” So people thought that both prostitutes might be killed. But Solomon gave this order: Cut the living child in two and give half to one and half to the other” (25). The woman whose son was alive was filled with compassion for her son and said to the king, “Please, my lord, give her the living baby! Don’t kill him!” But the other said, “Neither I nor you shall have him. Cut him in two!” The real mother had compassion on her son and gave up her right to have him in order to save his life. The other woman revealed her envy and cold heart. Solomon discerned good and evil and made a right verdict. Solomon knew a mother’s heart.

True wisdom is the ability to see through to the essence of a matter. These days there are many people who say they are okay and doing well. But the Bible says that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. No matter who he or she may be, each person has a sin problem that is destroying their lives, causing great misery which will lead to God’s judgment and eternal condemnation. Each person needs the forgiveness of sins and the work of the Holy Spirit in their hearts to solve their sin problem and to find true freedom and peace. So we must see people with the wisdom of God and with gospel faith. Then we can truly help them. It is easy to judge them based on their appearance or wealth or honorable position or seemingly good moral life. But we should see through these things. Each person needs the gospel and must repent before God and receive the grace of salvation. When we see through God’s eyes and with God’s word, when we have God’s mind, we can make a right judgment and help people in a right way.

Second, Solomon’s wise administration (4:1-19). In governing one’s country, to choose the right people is most important. Solomon chose God-fearing people and put them in the right places. In King David’s time, it was a time of war, so the military general was the top person listed in his cabinet. But in Solomon’s time, it was a time of peace. So a priest was the top man in his cabinet (2 Sam 8:15-18; 2 Sam 20:23-26). Solomon embraced Abiathar the priest, though he had dismissed him from service. Also, two of Nathan’s sons were in Solomon’s cabinet. Solomon had two secretaries, one more than King David. In verses 8-19 Solomon appointed twelve district governors in order to rule his people in an effective way.

Verses 20-28 show the wealth and prosperity of Israel under the rule of Solomon. Verse 20 says, “The people of Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand on the seashore; they ate, they drank and they were happy.” Solomon’s kingdom was prosperous economically, in military power, in foreign affairs and in all areas. So people were happy. They lived in safety and enjoyed peace and prosperity. When a ruler has God’s wisdom, people under him can enjoy peace and wealth. May President Obama ask God for wisdom.

In verses 29-34, we learn that God gave Solomon wisdom and very great insight, and a breadth of understanding as measureless as the sand on the seashore. Solomon’s wisdom was greater than the wisdom of all the men of the East, and greater than all the wisdom of Egypt. He was wiser than any other man and his fame spread over all the earth. He spoke three thousand proverbs and his songs numbered a thousand and five. He had deep knowledge of plants and animals and birds and reptiles and fish. Many kings came to listen to his wisdom. His wisdom came from God. Those who receive God’s wisdom are far beyond all other men.

III. Solomon builds the temple (5:1-7:51)

The temple which was built by Solomon was the first of several temple buildings which were constructed in Jerusalem. It was built according to the pattern of the tabernacle which God gave Moses through a detailed set of instructions. God had shown the pattern to Moses while on the mountain (Ex 26:30). So in fact, Solomon’s temple was built according to God’s wisdom. David had a great desire to build the temple of the Lord. But the Lord would not allow him to do so because he was a man of blood. God ordained Solomon to build the temple for him (1 Chr 22;9,10). The temple was God’s dwelling place. God wanted people to come there to worship God, repenting of their sins and sacrificing to the Lord. It was the center of Israel’s spiritual life. It was very important to build the temple of God. Before the temple was built, there was no central place to worship God according to his law. So they worshiped God in their own way on the high places. Solomon knew the meaning of the temple. So he built it according to God’s wisdom.

First, Solomon prepares to build the temple (5:1-18). Building the temple was a huge job. So they needed to prepare materials and technicians and laborers. In verses 1-5 Solomon sent his people to Hiram king of Tyre and explained his purpose of building the temple. He emphasized that the building of the temple was God’s will. It was the right time to build it. So he asked the help of Hiram with great respect, requesting cedars of Lebanon and workers to bring them. When Solomon requested this from Hiram gently and humbly, he was greatly pleased and said, “Praise be to the Lord today, for he has given David a wise son to rule over this great nation” (7). So Solomon received a lot of help from Hiram. The important material in building the temple, which was cedar, was in Hiram’s territory of Lebanon. According to 7:13-15 the most skillful craftsmen were also in Tyre. So having a good relationship with Hiram was very important in building the temple. Solomon knew that and he made a good relationship with Hiram. He won the person and then the material. In doing the work of God it is important to win the hearts of others. In doing great work of God, no one can do it all by himself. We need wisdom to work together with the right people who are essential in God’s work. So after making a treaty with Hiram, Solomon conscripted laborers from all Israel, 30,000 men. He sent them off to Lebanon in shifts of ten thousand at a time, so that the laborers could spend one month at work in Lebanon and then have two months at home. That is also wisdom. Those who are in positions of leadership can learn from him that we should win people’s hearts in doing the work of God, not just prepare materials and then drive people in a task oriented manner.

Second, Solomon builds the temple (6:1-38). Look at verse 1. “In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites had come out of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, the second month, he began to build the temple of the Lord.” The second month was April or May and it was about 966 B.C. The temple was completed after seven years in 959 B.C. (6:38). Verses 2-10 show the outward construction of the temple. Verses 14-36 show the inside construction of the temple. In verse 7, in building the temple, there was no hammer or chisel or any other iron tool used at the construction site. Construction work went on quietly. It was because the temple was the place of God’s presence. Even in building the temple there should be quietness.

Look at verses 11-13. “The word of the Lord came to Solomon: ‘As for the temple you are building, if you follow my decrees, carry out my regulations and keep all my commands and obey them, I will fulfill through you the promise I gave to David your father. And I will live among the Israelites and will not abandon my people Israel.” The Lord’s word came to Solomon in the midst of building the temple. It was to teach Solomon the purpose of the temple once more. Building the temple was not just building the physical temple of God. The important thing was to love God and obey his commands. The Lord didn’t want Solomon to finish his obligation to the Lord by building the temple. Rather, he wanted him to follow his decrees and carry out his revelation and keep all his commands and obey them. Then the Lord would dwell among them and not abandon them. The temple itself was not a guarantee that God would dwell among them. God would dwell among them when they obeyed his word.

Look at verses 37-38. “The foundation of the temple of the Lord was laid in the fourth year, in the month of Ziv. In the eleventh year in the month of Bul, the eighth month, the temple was finished in all its details according to its specifications. He had spent seven years building it.” The temple had several characteristics. In the first place, the inner part of the temple was all covered with pure gold. Here pure gold refers to light and purity. It reveals that God is light and he is pure. Pure gold also means unchanging character and nobility. It means that God is never changing and he is the most noble. It also shows that the relationship between God and his people never changes. So the temple covered with pure gold is compared to the kingdom of God which never changes and is filled with God’s glory.

In the second place, on the wall of the temple there were cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers (32). The covered cherubim in the temple show that angels protect God’s glory. Palm trees refer to life and open flowers refer to fullness of life. That means that God is the source of life and the temple is the place of God’s life.

In the third place, the entrance door of the Most Holy Place was smaller than the door to the entrance of the temple. In the Most Holy Place there was the ark of the covenant, which refers to God’s presence. Only the high priest could enter the Most Holy Place once a year. The narrow door to the Most Holy Place reveals that God is separate from man as the Creator and he is the Holy One whom man cannot approach in his own way.

Third, Solomon’s palace and the temple’s furnishings (7:1-51). In verses 1-12, Solomon built the palace, taking 13 years. He built a throne hall and a Hall of Justice in his palace. It shows his desire to judge his people in a right way. Verses 13-51 show the detailed descriptions of the temple furnishings. Solomon invited the most skillful craftsmen to build the furnishings of the temple. Look at verse 51. “When all the work King Solomon had done for the temple of the Lord was finished, he brought in the things his father David had dedicated–the silver and gold and the furnishings–and he placed them in the treasuries of the Lord’s temple.”

What was the meaning of Solomon’s finishing building the temple? Firstly, the one and only altar where all the Israelites came to worship had been made. In the past, when there was no temple, many people offered their sacrifices on high places in their own way. Although the Lord accepted their sacrifices, it was not the right way to offer them. Now, since the temple was built, the Israelites could offer sacrifices in the right way. In this way, the priestly nation, where God ruled as king had been prepared. Secondly, the building of the temple was done by the hands of Israelites and Gentiles. It means that God is not only the God of Israel but the God of Gentiles. Thirdly, the building of the temple was done according to Solomon’s wisdom. When the tabernacle was built God showed all the details to Moses. God did not teach Solomon how to build the temple. But Solomon built the temple beautifully, understanding its meaning. He built the temple with all the wisdom God gave him. He used the wisdom, not for his selfish purpose, but for the glory of God. It was the fruit of his love and fear of the Lord.

Solomon was a man of wisdom. He had wisdom to distinguish between right and wrong in order to serve God’s flock. His wisdom was given by God when he asked. Also, his wisdom came from his deep desire for loving God and showing his glory. If we really love the Lord and God’s flock from our hearts, we must ask God’s wisdom to serve them. Then God will surely give us wisdom.

“Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, serving as overseers–not because you must, but because you are willing as God wants you to be; not greedy for money, but eager to serve….” (5:2)

This chapter contains the final verses of Peter’s first letter to scattered early Christians. As we have studied, persecution was ongoing. Most likely, Peter was martyred shortly after writing this letter. Persecutors intended to destroy Christianity. However, God used them to purify his church and to spread the gospel to the world. To do so, God equipped his church with the spiritual truth through Peter. Primarily, Christian leaders must live as shepherds of God’s flock, following the example of Christ. In addition, we must all learn the humility of Christ. Then God will lead his church to victory.

I. Elders, be shepherds of God’s flock (1-4)

In this part Peter speaks to elders. Look at verse 1. “To the elders among you, I appeal as a fellow elder, a witness of Christ’s sufferings and one who also will share in the glory to be revealed….” Who, then, are the elders? Someone may think this refers to older people. This is largely true. Yet, “elders” refers primarily to spiritual leaders in the church. When Paul pioneered a church, he appointed elders, prayerfully entrusting the local church to their care (Ac 14:23). Elders had to meet qualifications in regard to their moral and spiritual lives (1 Ti 3:1-7). Sometimes, a young person who was spiritually mature, like Timothy, became an elder, but this was unusual. Peter respected elders of the local church.

In addressing the elders, Peter did not use an imperative tone, as one speaking to subordinates. Peter did not consider himself “the Elder of the elders.” Rather, he appealed as a fellow elder who shared responsibility and suffered together. Peter did not advocate “a one strong leader” model of church government. Rather, he recognized that leadership of the church is entrusted to a body of elders who pray and work together.

Though given humbly, Peter’s appeal had great weight. It came from one who was “a witness of Christ’s sufferings….” Peter had been with Jesus from the beginning of his ministry to the end. He had witnessed firsthand Jesus’ life as a suffering servant for his people, especially his crucifixion and death (Ac 1:21-22; Lk 24:46-48). He saw how Christ loved God’s sheep so much that he shed his blood on the cross for them. When he testified to Christ’s suffering, he did so with deep spiritual meaning. Furthermore, the word “witness” means “martyr” in Greek (martys). Peter was willing to give his life to testify about Christ, believing that he would also share in his glory.

Peter was not giving elders a pat on the back or a place of honor, but a solemn charge. Look at verse 2a. “Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care….” Peter said this, passing on what he had learned from Jesus. In John’s gospel, Jesus’ final charge to Peter was, “Feed my sheep” (Jn 21:15-17). Then Jesus foretold that Peter’s life would be a transformational journey from selfish to sacrificial, from carefree to obedient, and that it would end in martyrdom (Jn 21:18-19). Jesus concluded, “Follow me.” In this way, Jesus commissioned Peter to be a shepherd just like Jesus. Now, Peter is charging the elders to be shepherds of God’s flock that is under their care.

What, then, does it mean to be a shepherd of God’s flock? First of all, it means to take care of God’s flock with a life-giving spirit. A shepherd’s first concern is not about himself, but about God and the flock of God. In times of fiery persecution and extreme hardship, he does not abandon God’s sheep. He serves them always, remembering Christ, our good shepherd, who laid down his life for the sheep (10:11). Lottie Moon was a single woman missionary in China, right after the American Civil War. She led many Chinese people to Christ, including Dan Ho-bang, a Chinese man. One day Dan was tortured and nearly killed for his faith. On hearing about this, Lottie hurried to the place and confronted the persecutors. One of them raised a sword against her. She looked straight at him, with a calm assurance that if she died she would be with Jesus. Strangely, he lowered his sword and his hands fell limp at his sides. Then the entire crowd of persecutors lost their strength. Lottie rescued her sheep from danger and nursed him back to health. Later, he pioneered a lively and growing church. Many Chinese were profoundly moved that an American woman would give her life to save a Chinese man. They began to understand the sacrificial love of Jesus. In the end, Lottie died from starvation, refusing to eat, while the people of China were suffering from a famine. Closer to home, Dr. Joseph Chung carries out one-to-one Bible study with God’s sheep with a life-giving spirit. Through his care, Edwin’s family has been saved and are becoming shepherds for others.

Though a shepherd must have a life-giving spirit, most of his work is a routine of caring for the sheep. In order to care for the sheep, he must know the sheep: their character, tendencies, strengths and weaknesses, and everything about them (Jn 10:14). This comes from having God’s mind toward them. It also comes from spending time with them and observing them. He does not observe them dispassionately like a scientist, but out of love, in order to build them up and make them healthy and useful. Jesus knew Peter’s great weakness, but he had hope for Peter to be the rock of his church. Jesus knew the Samaritan woman’s past life in detail and how to help her. Only Jesus knows each of us fully. When we truly want to help another person, we should pray to understand them with Jesus’ mind. Then we can help them. When Dr. Samuel Lee prayed for American young people intensively, he came to understand the broken hearts of children from broken homes and could help them as a spiritual father. In our times some American young women are having children in unusual ways, without marriage. We can understand that this comes from their desire for unconditional love and help them to come to Jesus, who alone can give this.

A shepherd’s primary task in caring for sheep is to feed them with the word of God. The word of God convicts us of sin, points us to Christ for salvation, opens our eyes to heavenly hope, and creates in us right attitudes. What God’s sheep need most is to be fed with the living word of God (2 Ti 4:2). For this, a shepherd must constantly grow in knowledge of God’s word and especially in the mind and heart of Christ. He must prepare Bible study material for regular lessons. In addition, he must be ready in times of crisis. When a troubled soul calls at 3:00 a.m., he must have God’s wisdom to share, just as a mother nurses her child in the middle of the night.

A shepherd must also give spiritual direction to God’s sheep. Young sheep want to play, eat and sleep. But they need to set life direction and to use their time fruitfully. Shepherds must help them find their gifts and use them in ministry. Shepherds must help them find their talents and use them in vocation. Shepherds must pray for them to marry a person who knows Jesus, instead of following flesh desires. Shepherds must have a national prayer topic and world mission vision and help God’s sheep to be good stewards of their nation and of the world.

Peter not only said, “Be shepherds…,” he also taught us the attitude of a shepherd, saying, “not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be….” A willing heart is the heart of God who loves his sheep so dearly that he wants nothing more than to be with them and to serve them. God’s heart rejoices over one lost sheep who comes back to him. The great privilege of a shepherd is to experience God’s joy together with him. Peter also said, “…not greedy for money, but eager to serve….” Shepherds must never use sheep for their benefit, but serve with humility and sacrifice, for the glory of God, and the benefit of the sheep. Peter said, “…not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock.” In the world, leaders make subordinates do their bidding with threats of force that can break their backs. But shepherds lead by example, going ahead of the flock. Shepherds are the first to suffer, the first to repent, the first to face danger, the first to take up the cross of mission. They inspire others to follow by their example, not just with their mouths.

As we have seen, a shepherd is a living sacrifice for God’s sheep. What, then, is the reward for a shepherd? Look at verse 4. “And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away.” Someday, our Lord Jesus Christ will return to this earth. He will establish his holy, everlasting reign in glory and power. At that time, there will be a great awards ceremony. Before the heavenly angels and the holy men and women of God, our Lord Jesus Christ will call us, “Well done, my good and faithful servant,” and will place upon us a crown of glory. It will be unlike the glory of the world, such as the Nobel Prize, Academy Awards, or Super Bowl trophies; these things fade and perish. The crown of glory that Jesus gives never fades away. It is to bear the image of Christ, the Chief Shepherd. It is to see the eternal fruits he has born through us. All of God’s sheep under our care will be changed into heavenly princes and princesses. We will spend eternity with them and with our Lord Jesus Christ in love and peace. This eternal glory far outweighs our momentary sufferings. It will be worth it all when we see Jesus and join him in glory.

II. Young men, humble yourselves (5-14)

In this part, Peter particulary speaks to young people, but he really speaks to all of us about humility. Look at verse 5. “Young men, in the same way be submissive to those who are older. All of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.’” No matter how mature elders may be, they are not perfect. Only Jesus is the perfect shepherd. It is tempting for young people to study the weak point of their elders and use this as a basis to refuse to listen to them. When young people have this attitude, they do not grow. They can become prey of the devil, who disrupts the church through their proud mind. It is essential that young people acknowledge their elders and submit to them. Then they can grow. David was anointed king while still a young man. But the reigning king Saul was still alive. Saul had a murderous jealousy of David and hunted him down relentlessly. David had two opportunities to kill Saul. But David feared God and respected God’s sovereignty, regarding Saul as “the Lord’s anointed.” This required great humility. God used this to train David and to mold him into a shepherd who followed God’s leading. Young men can grow under any kind of elder when they are submissive. But if young people become proud, they oppose God.

How can we be humble? That is a good question. Peter says, “Clothe yourselves with humility toward one another.” We must put on the humility of Christ. Christ is truly humble, so humble that he does not break a bruised reed or put out a smoldering wick. Anyone can find rest and peace in Christ because he is gentle and humble in heart. When we recognize our sin as it is and come to Christ, he forgives us and dwells in us; then we can be humble.

When God’s children are humble, God can direct his church without hindrance. God trains young men to make them truly great (6). Young people should remember that God humbles those he uses greatly, like Joseph or Moses. So we must be patient and learn all we can from God, both through our situation and through our elders. When we are truly ready, God will raise us up. We will be able to stand fiery trials and help lead God’s church with the mind of Christ. Admittedly, it is hard to be submissive to imperfect human leaders. But in fact, this is not submission to men; it is to God. So we can cast all our anxiety on God. God loves us and uses everything to help us grow to maturity in Christ.

Look at verse 8. “Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, looking for someone to devour.” The real enemy of elders are not troublesome sheep. The real enemy of young men are not imperfect elders. Our enemy is the devil who wants to exploit our relationship problems and devour people. Then what can we do? Look at verse 9. “Resist him, standing firm in the faith, because you know that your brothers throughout the world are undergoing the same kinds of sufferings.” We must resist him, remembering the word of God we have received. When we stand firm in the word of God, the devil runs away from us.

Though we do our best, we cannot win the absolute victory that God gives in our own strength. This victory comes by God’s grace. Look at verses 10-11. “And the God of all grace, who called you to his eternal glory in Christ, after you have suffered a little while, will himself make you strong, firm and steadfast. To him be the power forever and ever. Amen.”

Peter’s purpose in writing was to encourage the early Christians so they would stand firm in the grace of God during trials (12). Though times were difficult, Peter was full of love for his coworkers (13-14). His affection for Mark was so deep; he called him his son. Peter wanted to impart the love and peace of Christ to all of his dear coworkers in Asia Minor.

In this passage, we have thought about what a shepherd does and with what attitude. Yet Peter’s words, “Be shepherds,” are not explanation. They are exhortation, “Be shepherds!” Knowing about shepherding does not make us shepherds. Knowing about humbleness does not make us humble. We must be shepherds, and we must be humble. Let’s pray for God’s help and strength and decide to be humble shepherds for God’s flock.

“But rejoice that you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed.”

In chapter 3, Peter reminded us that Christ died for our sins, rose again, and ascended into heaven. Now he sits at God’s right hand–with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him. As his disciples, we are called to follow his example of suffering and glory. In chapter 4, Peter helps us to participate in Christ’s sufferings. In verses 1-6, he teaches us a right attitude toward suffering. In verses 7-11, he exhorts us to love one another and bring glory to God, for the end is near. Finally, in verses 12-19, he encourages us to rejoice as we participate in the sufferings of Christ.

I. A right attitude toward suffering for Christ (1-6)

As human beings, we do not like to suffer and we don’t want to die. Sometimes, even to hear the word “suffering” makes us shiver. However, everyone who follows Christ will suffer, though we really don’t want to. Peter deeply understood this problem. Once when Jesus foretold his own suffering and death, Peter rebuked him. Then Jesus rebuked Peter in a way that he did not forget (Mk 8:31-33). Since then Peter learned the secret to overcoming sufferings, and he passed it on to us: We must accept suffering with a right attitude. That means we must arm ourselves with the attitude of Christ, and we must decide to die to sin and obey the will of God.

First, arm yourselves with the same attitude (1-2). Look at verse 1. “Therefore, since Christ suffered in his body, arm yourselves also with the same attitude, because he who has suffered in his body is done with sin.” As we study the gospels we can see how Christ suffered in his body, especially during the time of his passion. Christ was beaten so severely that Isaiah describes him as “marred beyond human likeness” (Isa 52:14). Christ was flogged with a whip of leather strands embedded with metal spurs that ripped his flesh. Christ was fastened to a cross, having long iron nails driven through his hands and feet. His physical suffering was immense; his suffering of soul was even greater. Finally he died on the cross. What was his attitude? Let’s recap some of his words. When arrested, Jesus was in command. As he said, “I am he,” his arrestors drew back and fell to the ground (Jn 18:6). When condemned to death, he boldly declared that he was going to the right hand of God and would come on the clouds of heaven (Mk 14:62). On the cross, he prayed for sinners, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing” (Lk 23:34a). When he died, he said in a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit” (Lk 23:46). A hardened Roman centurion was so impressed that he fell to his knees and said, “Surely, this man was the Son of God” (Mk 15:39). Jesus revealed the hope of glory with his Father, assurance of God’s final victory, and forgiving love.

How could Jesus have such an attitude? According to the gospels, one reason was his Gethsemane prayer. In his flesh, Jesus did not want to face this ordeal. But he prayed, “Father, if you are willing, take this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done” (Lk 22:42). Jesus prayed this way until his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground. Jesus prayed this way until he was fully prepared to take his cup of suffering and death. We can arm ourselves with the attitude of Christ through prayer. When we confront suffering the first thing we must do is pray. Many of us know this, but we do not always practice it. Instead, our first reaction is to sleep a little more, or try to think our way out of the problem, or enlist the help of others. Victory in suffering comes through prayer. So let’s learn to pray first, like Jesus.

The last part of verse 1 says, “…he who has suffered in his body is done with sin.” This does not mean that if we experience one week of back pain for Jesus we emerge totally sanctified. Then what does it mean? In a word, as we prayerfully endure sufferings, our sanctification accelerates. When Christ died for our sins, he died once for all, and made complete atonement for our sins. The moment we believe in Jesus we are justified as children of God, who gives us victory over sin (Ro 6:5-7). However, the process of appropriating this victory may take time, largely because we are slow to renounce our sins. The more we die to our sinful nature and allow Christ to live in us, the more tangble our victory over sin becomes. This process is accelerated through suffering because pain causes us to focus on what is most important, which is freedom from sinful desires.

Look at verse 2. “As a result, he does not live the rest of his earthly life for evil human desires, but rather for the will of God.” Sinful desires die and holy desires grow in our hearts. Consider St. Augustine. Before conversion he was a careless pleasure-seeker, who fathered an illegitimate child. Christ changed him. He abhored his sinful life and renounced it. He devoted himself to rigorous divine discipline, through which he grew as a great shepherd for early Christians; he developed much of our Christian theology. Sufferings produce godly character (Ro 5:3-5). So let’s embrace them positively.

Second, we must decide to do the will of God (3-6). Look at verse 3. “For you have spent enough time in the past doing what pagans choose to do–living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing and detestable idolatry.” We have sinned enough! We must overcome deception that sentimentalizes our past sinful lives. Sometimes we are like the Israelites in the wilderness. They had been liberated from terrible slavery to Pharaoh in Egypt. However, when facing hardship, they actually longed to return to slavery. They fantasized about sitting around pots of meat (Ex 16:3). They had been slaves, not aristocrats! It was irrational sentimentality. Likewise, one young man indulged in drunkenness. As a result, he behaved foolishly and vomited. The next day he had a splitting headache and was useless. He fell behind in his classwork. Instead of repenting, he persuaded himself that it had been fun. This is irrational sentimentality. People live this way because they are under the power of death. They say, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.” However, we Christians admit that living in sin brings misery and pain. We hate sin, realizing that Christ died to save us from it. We must pursue union with Christ in his death, and live a holy life, seeking to do the will of God.

The will of God is good, pleasing and perfect (Ro 12:2). Obedience to the will of God produces good fruit and true accomplishment. It gives a deep and abiding joy that has no regrets, and it leads to eternal life (1 Jn 2:17). There is a young couple who plan to marry this year. As we have studied the word of God, the Spirit revealed God’s good will for them. This has brought deep joy, superior to any cheap thrill of the world. When we obey the will of God, we have real joy and true life. People of the world do not understand. Rather, convicted of sin, they become abusive. They may seem powerful. But more powerful is Almighty God, who is ready to judge the living and the dead (5). Those who live for sinful pleasures are facing judgment and eternal condemnation. But those who accept the gospel live forever with God (6). So let’s decide to die to our sin and to do the will of God.

II. The end is near: Love one another and glorify God (7-11)

In this part Peter gives a further reason why we should have a right attitude toward suffering, and he tells us practically how we can obey the will of God. Look at verse 7a. “The end of all things is near.” If we think we have plenty of time, we easily become complacent. We become like lazy students at the beginning of a semester: they relax and have fun, planning to study later. But by the time they actually begin to study they are too far behind to catch up. This is why many drop out and fail to fulfill their dreams. Peter said, “The end of all things is near.” Peter saw the living God who judges the world day by day. Peter saw the coming of Christ which will bring a sudden and unexpected end to this present age. Several years ago, Missionary Barnabas Baek of Sri Lanka confessed that living in a Buddhist culture had unconsciously influenced him to think there was no end, but that everything goes on in an eternal cycle. He repented and decided to live in the truth that there is an end. We can learn from him. Many of us live as though everything will just keep going on forever. However, the Bible clearly teaches that there will be an end. Peter was sure of this and he declared that the end was near. We must believe this.

How then should we live? Look at verse 7b. “Therefore be clear minded and self-controlled so that you can pray.” A clear mind is one that works properly. It is not clouded by sinful thoughts or stormy with grudges, but it is clear like a bright sunny day. A clear mind can produce healthy and truthful thought that is necessary to make right decisions and take right actions. To be self-controlled is a fruit of the Holy Spirit (Gal 5:23). It means that our selves not controlled by our sinful nature or by evil spirits, but are free to love and serve God under the influence of the Holy Spirit. We must be clear minded and self-controlled so that we can pray. How can we be so? We must believe that the end of all things is near. Then we can pray.

Prayer may be the most important thing we can do when we want to obey the will of God. Through prayer, we can know the will of God. Through prayer, we can find the strength to do the will of God. Through prayer, we can stay spiritually awakened. I believe that UBF people are generally praying people. We pray two by two after meetings. Many pray in the early morning after eating Daily Bread, some visibly and some invisibly. We pray before and after having one-to-one Bible study. We have special prayer meetings for conferences. We pray before meals. Parents pray for their children and children pray before bedtime. We pray personally and sometimes offer emergency prayer. However, I believe our prayer will be even more fervent when we truly believe the end of all things is near. Prayer is the power source by which everything else Peter mentions must be done.

Verse 8 says, “Above all, love each other deeply because love covers over a multitude of sins.” This love is like that of close-knit families. It binds us together in affectionate and godly concern for one another. But it is more. It is redemptive love that values another’s soul and seeks his or her best good. It is love that rejoices in the truth; it does not compromise with sin, and yet it embraces others with the forgiving grace of Jesus. This love springs up in those who know how much the Lord has forgiven them (Lk 7:47). In an atmosphere of love, confession of sin is possible, and many sins are covered by the blood of Jesus as Christians love and serve one another. Peter knew that Christ died for his sin, and even his terrible denial. So Peter was ready to embrace those who had made mistakes–like John Mark, who abandoned the first mission journey with Paul. Peter embraced Mark with the forgiving love of Jesus, and Mark became a gospel writer. Love is most important.

Verse 9 says, “Offer hospitality to one another without grumbling.” This means that our homes should be open to one another. When someone comes unexpectedly, we should welcome them with open arms and an open refrigerator, and if necessary, a place to sleep and to shower. Mother Barry has shown us a good example. Verse 10 says, “Each one should use whatever gift he has received to serve others, faithfully administering God’s grace in its various forms.” God gives gifts to his children. We don’t deserve them, that is why they are called “gifts.” They are not meant for showing off, but for serving others. In love, we must discover what needs to be done, and then do it with the gifts God has given us. We must use our gifts faithfully to share God’s grace with the body of Christ. We must not be like the man in Jesus’ parable who hid his talent in the ground (Lk 19:20 ff.). Instead we must be like those who do their best with their talent in order to give a profit to their Master. We must be alert for opportunities, and eager to bless others with the gifts God has given us. These gifts are generally put into two categories by Peter. Look at verse 11. “If anyone speaks, he should do it as one speaking the very words of God. If anyone serves, he should do it with the strength God provides, so that in all things God may be praised through Jesus Christ. To him be the glory and the power for ever and ever. Amen.”

III. Rejoice to participate in the sufferings of Christ (12-19)

In this part Peter again drives home the point that we must have a right attitude toward sufferings. He explains this in two ways: We must realize that there is a mysterious joy inherent in suffering for Christ, and that suffering for Christ is much better than suffering for sin.

First, rejoice in suffering for Christ (12-14). When we suffer for Christ, it is a painful trial. Our first response to such trials may be, “Why me?” “What did I do to deserve this?” or “Why am only I suffering?” (12) In truth, these kinds of reactions come because we don’t want to suffer. But there is no one in the world who does not suffer. Even two year old children suffer every day in many ways. Our question should not be “Why?” Our question should be “for Whom?” If we are suffering for Christ, there is good news for us. Look at verse 13. “But rejoice that you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed.” Peter boldly tells us to rejoice that we participate in the sufferings of Christ. This tells us that not only is it possible to rejoice in suffering for Christ, but it is commanded. It is our right response to suffering for Christ. How can we do that? We can rejoice in suffering for Christ when we think of Christ in the midst of our sufferings. Suffering for Christ has a mysterious power to draw us to Christ and to deeper fellowship with Christ. As a result, we do not focus our attention on the suffering, but on Christ. In Christ we rejoice.

After Jesus’ ascension, Peter and the other apostles preached the gospel in the temple courts according to an angel’s command. Then the Sanhedrin members were furious. They condemned and flogged the apostles. Surely it was painful. However, as the apostles left the Sanhedrin, they were not crying. They were rejoicing because they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for Christ (Ac 5:41). In the time of suffering their identity in Christ was strengthened and their fellowship with Christ was deepened, to such a degree that they rejoiced greatly.

The Apostle John, as a very old man, was exiled to the island of Patmos for preaching the gospel of Christ boldly. His life was one of hard labor and pain in his old age. Yet one Lord’s day, when he was in the Spirit, the Risen Christ appeared to him and gave him the most vivid revelation of his glory and his final victory, and of the splendor of heaven. This revelation has inspired Christians with heavenly vision ever since then. To those who share his suffering, Jesus promises that we will share his glory as well. His glory is so great in comparison that our suffering pales to insignificance. The Apostle Paul, who suffered much, knew this secret very well. So he said, “I want to know Christ…and the fellowship of sharing in his sufferings…” (Php 3:10). He also said, “I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us” (Ro 8:18). Therefore, when we participate in the sufferings of Christ, and are sure of it, we have reason to rejoice greatly, for we can be sure that we will share in his glory.

Suffering for Christ is a “win-win” situation. We can rejoice now, and we will be overjoyed when his glory is revealed (13b). This refers to the time of Christ’s coming in power and great glory as King and Judge. Yet again, in some sense, we experience this now. When we see the fruit of gospel work, we rejoice, forgetting the pains we experienced. Two years ago, our IIT coworkers began independent ministry on campus. We felt pain to send them away. However, last Friday we saw the fruit of their growing ministry. As they reported, God’s stock is going up year by year in the IIT ministry, and for this we rejoiced. Last year, new UIC ministry began in the midst of the pain of broken hearts, as the new West Loop chapter was formed and many close coworkers separated. However, on Friday, we saw the fruit of new disciple raising at UIC, and we rejoiced over this. Last year, the Loop fellowship coworkers agonized over Amber because of her difficult situation and her wavering faith. Many prayed for her with tears. Now we see that she is growing as a woman of God. These are just small tastes of the glory that awaits us in the future. Yet this tells us that all of our sufferings for Christ turn to glory, now and in the future, in a way that we can only imagine. Peter said in verse 14, “If you are insulted because of the name of Christ, you are blessed, for the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.” We should see sufferings for Christ as the evidence of God’s glory with us.

Second, suffering for Christ is much better than suffering for sin (15-19). Look at verse 15. “If you suffer, it should not be as a murderer or thief or any other kind of criminal, or even as a meddler.” When Cain killed his brother Abel, he thought it was the solution to his jealousy problem. However, Cain began to suffer unbearably from fear. He thought that everyone who saw him wanted to kill him. He became a restless wanderer on the earth (Gen 4:14). This suffering is terrible; it has no redemptive value. It is nothing but pure misery. All suffering for sin is like this. However, suffering as a Christian has deep meaning and gives us real reason to rejoice. So we must not be ashamed but praise God when we suffer as Christians (16). We must remember that God’s judgment of all people is certain. God uses our suffering with Christ to purify us and prepare us for heavenly glory. But those who suffer in sin have eternal condemnation waiting (17-18).

Though we have so many reasons to be positive about suffering for Christ, sometimes we become tired of suffering. Sometimes we wonder if it might not be better to take a break from suffering and enjoy an easier life for a while. But there is no easier life. If we try to avoid suffering, we suffer more with guilt and fear. We must solve this problem with commitment to God. Look at verse 19. “So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should commit themselves to their faithful Creator and continue to do good.” God knows our suffering. God uses our suffering for good. In God’s time it will end and we will receive everlasting glory. God has promised this, and he is faithful. So let’s commit ourselves to him, and continue to do good.

“But in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect…”

In chapter 1 we learned that God has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. With this living hope we can live a holy life. In chapter 2 we learned that we are a royal priesthood and a holy nation. This sounds fantastic. We can imagine ourselves wearing royal garments and performing important priestly duties to bring the lost world back to God. It may be teaching the Bible one-to-one, or engaging in spiritual warfare through prayer, or serving as a missionary in a faraway land. Of course, there are many important tasks to carry out. However, the words “you are a…royal priesthood,” tell us that being a royal priesthood begins with “being” rather than “doing.” We “are” royal priests through the blood of Christ, by the grace of God. Our being itself has been transformed, and this affects our life at home, work, school, church, and in our nation. In brief, a royal priest lives like one, always and everywhere. In chapter 3, Peter tells us how to do so. It is by setting apart Christ as Lord: in the home (1-7), in Christian community (8-12), and in a hostile world (13-22).I. Set apart Christ as Lord in the home (1-7)

First, “wives…be submissive to your husbands” (1-6). Look at verse 1a. “Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands….” Peter boldly tells wives to be submissive to their husbands. To be submissive is an attitude of heart that recognizes the husband as the leader in the family and is willing to follow his guidance. It is not spineless submission but voluntary humility and service. Let’s note that this is not a general teaching about men and women. It is specifically directing wives to submit to their husbands. Marriage is designed by God to work properly when men of mission lead their familes in the way that pleases God, and women submit willingly in harmony, to be suitable helpers (Gen 2:18; 1 Cor 11:3).

So what is the problem? Genesis 3 reveals that the woman was seduced by the serpent and ate the forbidden fruit. Then she gave some to her husband and he fell into sin. Later, when God judged their sin he said to the woman: “Your ‘desire’ will be for your husband, and he will rule over you” (Gen 3:16). The same word for “desire” is found in Genesis 4:7 in which God warned Cain that sin “desired” to have him. It meant that sin wanted to control him. In the same way, women have a hidden, or not so hidden, “desire” to rule over men. The Net Bible translates Genesis 3:16b, “You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.” A woman’s desire to rule her husband is rebelliousness toward God, inverting creation order. To live a holy life, a wife must be free from the desire to control her husband; she must be submissive. A submissive wife is pure in heart and reverent in attitude toward God, and her husband. No doubt, we women need the blood of Jesus to sanctify us and to make us submissive to our husbands. Dr. Helen Rarick is a good example. She was once somewhat domineering. But the blood of Jesus worked powerfully in her soul. So she gave up her position as a top researcher in her field to be a suitable helper, a good mother, and a campus Bible teacher. Now she teaches at Wright College instead of Duke University in order to have enough time to serve her husband, her children and her sheep. She is a holy nation woman. Christian wives should be noted for godly submission to their husbands. A submissive woman does not nag her husband to change. She quietly sets a good example and prays for him, depending on God to change him.

Look at verses 3-4. Christian women must value the inner beauty of a transformed life more than outward beauty, which is already fading. Then how can they grow in this inner beauty? Verse 4b tells the secret. It says, “They were submissive to their own husbands….” When a woman submits to her husband out of reverence toward God, she learns the submission of Christ. She learns the humility of Christ, the patience of Christ, the gentleness of Christ, and the prayerful quietness of Christ. She grows in the image of Christ and attains a true and everlasting beauty that eminates from within. Even God takes note of her, and values her highly (4). So, a wise woman will spend quality time with Christ in the word of God, and use leftover time to shop for clothes, go to the beauty parlor, or buy cosmetics. In doing so, she will become truly beautiful with an unfading beauty.

In verses 5-6 Peter shares the example of Abraham’s wife Sarah. She obeyed Abraham and called him her master. Consider her submission. One day Abraham came home and said suddenly, “Sarah, quick, pack everything. God just told me to leave this land and go to a land he will show me.” Sarah might answer, “Where is that, dear?” And Abraham replied, “I don’t know. But God said he will show me. Let’s go.” Sarah did not argue. She quietly packed and went with Abraham to a new land. There, a famine drove them to seek relief in Egypt. Abraham was afraid that Pharaoh would kill him and take beautiful Sarah for himself. To protect his own life, Abraham persuaded Sarah to lie that she was his sister. Then Sarah ended up in Pharaoh’s palace as a harem candidate. How could she submit to such a person as Abraham? She put her hope in God. She believed God was leading Abraham. Even though Abraham made mistakes, God would not make a mistake. Indeed, God saved them from Pharaoh. In fact, God nearly killed Pharaoh to protect Sarah. She is a model of faith for all women in Christ. Hope in God drives out fear and frees a woman to be submissive to her husband.

Second, “husbands…be considerate as you live with your wives…” (7). After spending six verses on women, Peter gives one verse to men. Look at verse 7. “Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that nothing will hinder your prayers.” The problem for many husbands is a lack of consideration for their wives. Many husbands continue to think and act like bachelors, even after marriage. Husbands must shed their “bachelor mentality” and be considerate of their wives. A couple days after I married Deborah, Dr. Samuel Lee invited all Chicago staff for lunch to a Korean restaurant. I gladly went along, hungry and ready to eat as usual. Suddenly he looked at me and said, “Where is your wife?” Feeling somewhat of an ominous sensation, I found her and brought her with us. When we arrived at the restaurant, he asked me to wait in the parking lot, standing by the car, while everyone else went in to eat lunch. Many passersby looked at me with strange expressions. I missed lunch that day. It was a good lesson. After that, I began to think of my wife at mealtime. It is natural for sinsick husbands to take their wives’ sacrifice and serving for granted. However, the word of God tells us to consider them, understand them, and appreciate the sacrifices they make. In fact, what a woman really wants is to be truly understood by her husband and appreciated.

Furthermore, husbands must respect their wives as the weaker partner. Now, if she is the weaker partner, that means that the husband is the weak partner. He is weak; she is a little weaker physically, and perhaps, emotionally. She is not weaker morally, intellectually or spiritually, as we all know. In treating the weaker members, we need wisdom. A “survival of the fittest” mentality urges us to despise and cut off the weaker member. Some men live by this mentality and abuse their wives physically. They destroy their families and themselves and provoke God’s wrath. God’s wisdom is to treat the weaker partner with respect, making an atmosphere of love and trust to build up their partnership, making it strong. Husbands must care for their wives during times of emotional stress. Husbands must be mindful of their wives’ health. If she is pregnant, he must treat her tenderly. If she is exhausted, he must help her to rest, always showing great respect. Husbands and wives are partners, they are one in the gracious gift of life. When we truly live as are one we can and offer effective prayers.

In our society, there has been a tragic breakdown of the family. In this environment godly families in which wives submit and husbands are considerate shine like stars in the universe and hold out real hope in this troubled world. One of the specific prayer topics that Dr. Lee gave us is for 10,000 house churches in North America. This means more than having 10,000 wedding ceremonies. It means raising 10,000 women who can submit to God and to their husbands, and 10,000 men who can be considerate of their wives until they make a vessel of prayer for God’s world salvation purpose. May God raise 10,000 such house churches in North America!

II. Set apart Christ as Lord in the Christian community (8-12)

In this part Peter turns his attention from the family to the Christian community. Look at verse 8a. “Finally, all of you, live in harmony with one another….” In order to have a beautiful harmony, each different part must be played well, and in rhythm with the other parts. The Christmas Chorus made such a beautiful harmony that it moved our hearts to tears. Each section–soprano, alto, tenor, bass–mastered their parts and learned to sing together in harmony. Likewise, in the Christian community each person has their own part to play, yet it must be played together with all others, in harmony. Then there will be beautiful work of God. The problem arises when we want other people to be just like us, or when we want to be just like other people. Perhaps we envy a talent or ability that someone else has, or stir envy in others. This is foolish. God gifts each person in a unique way and provides unique opportunities to serve him. We must transcend self-centered thinking and look for ways to build up the body of Christ as a whole. We must lift our eyes to Jesus, our master conductor, and play the music he has given us to play. Then there is beautiful harmony.

Peter develops the idea of how to have harmony. Look at verse 8b. “…be sympathetic, love as brothers, be compassionate and humble.” To be sympathetic is to understand things from another person’s point of view. We can do this when we overcome our selfishness by the help of the Holy Spirit and truly see others as they are. Every human being has some kind of painful wound in their soul, which, if we understand it, will fill us with sympathy. Every human being also has some kind of greatness that is matchless, which, if we understand it, will fill us with profound respect for that person. To love as brothers is to realize that we are in the same family, going in the same direction with the same goal. Brothers will stick together, defending each other and helping each other to the end. Christians are family members, not just for a span of time on earth, but for all eternity. We should practice loving one another as family members now. Being compassionate is similar to being sympathetic, except for an additional emphasis on the action that relieves others’ suffering. Being humble may be the foundation of all of the spiritual qualities. Humble people realize their need for Christ and for his help. They do not depend on themselves, but on Christ. Then his vast resources of compassion, love and understanding flow through them. When Christ is at the center of our community, and we all try to imitate his spiritual qualities, we can live in beautiful harmony with one another.

However, maintaining this beautiful harmony is not always easy. From time to time a brother or sister allows their sinful nature to manifest itself in the community of believers through evil words or wicked deeds. This causes pain to the body. The natural reaction is to repay: evil with evil, insult with insult. But we must not do this in Christian community. Look at verse 9. “Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing, because to this you were called so that you may inherit a blessing.” As Jesus taught, we must bless those who curse us, and bless those who do evil against us (Lk 6:28; Ro 12:14). Then God in heaven sees this, and pours out a blessing upon us.

Sometimes we take our words too lightly. We don’t realize the power of words. However, in building up a healthy Christian community, we must pay close attention to our words. Careless words can cause others to suffer unbearably. Evil words can spark a fire of criticism and vengeance that ruins a Christian fellowship. In verses 10-12, Peter quotes Psalm 34 emphasizing that to live well, we must not speak evil, deceitful words. On the other hand, he emphasizes that the prayer of a righteous man is heard by God, and God answers his prayer. Let’s appreciate the tremendous power of our words and use them in prayer to God, not to criticize our dear brothers and sisters. We can do this when we set apart Christ as Lord in our community.

III. Set apart Christ as Lord in your hearts and share the gospel (13-22)

In this part we learn what it means to set apart Christ as Lord in our hearts while we live in this world. As Christians, we want to do good things in the world for the glory of God. Generally, no one wants to harm those who are doing good things (13). Yet some evil people will want to harm us. Then we may suffer for doing what is good. We should not fear this kind of suffering. The devil uses fear to paralyze people so that they will not do good things, but rather bad things. Fear, especially through peers, drives young people to commit sin, such as drug abuse or sexual immorality. God commands us not to fear the devil, conspiracies, or worldly powers (14). How can we overcome fear and go on the offensive?

Look at verses 15-16. “But in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect, keeping a clear conscience, so that those who speak maliciously against your good behavior in Christ may be ashamed of their slander.” We learn 3 things.

First, in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord (15a). Sometimes we are hard pressed in our loyalty to Christ by Satan’s fear. Peter tells us how to deal with this. It is to commit our hearts all the more to Christ in surrender and submission. This means to take him at his word and to pray, not giving in to Satan’s pressure, until Christ wins the victory in our hearts. We cannot do this by our will power. But God gives us the Holy Spirit to help us. The Holy Spirit, coming in Christ’s name, drives out fear and sets our hearts free to love and serve Christ. Romans 8:15 says, “For you did not receive a spirit that makes you a slave again to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship. And by him we cry, ‘Abba, Father.’” When Peter tried to be loyal to Christ by his will power, he failed miserably (Mt 26:75). But through the Holy Spirit, he became bold enough to preach to those who had crucified Christ, and 3,000 repented in one day (Ac 2:14-42). To be useful to Christ in this sinsick world we must fight the spiritual battle through the word of God and prayer until Christ reigns in our hearts and we are full of the Holy Spirit.

Second, always be prepared to give an answer (15b). When we are free in Christ, there will be opportunities to share the gospel. But it is our duty to be ready for such moments. We must prepare in advance. Chicago UBF ministry grew most during persecution by ungodly people. At that time, we all memorized 14 gospel key verses, like soldiers who prepared a battle. We also memorized four page lectures that tied the gospel key verses together. We were ready to share the gospel in five minutes or less, anytime, anyplace and with anyone, quoting Bible verses with the cadence of a machine gun. Then God used us to share the gospel with hundreds of people every week. Are you ready to share the gospel with someone this afternoon?

When I traveled to Turkey last week, I had several opportunities on long airplane rides, sitting next to strangers. In God’s grace I could share the gospel with an Egyptian businessman named Ali and an Indian grad student named Praveed. I am sorry that neither made an immediate decision to accept the gospel, though we did exchange contact information. I often have opportunities on facebook to respond to comments that students post. Sometimes in just a couple of minutes I can type out a relevant gospel presentation that speaks to the need of a particular person. I am still looking for my first facebook conversion. God gives opportunities; are we ready? We have many opportunities to evangelize Muslims who live and work just two blocks away from here. If we are not ready, let’s repent and prepare to share the gospel.

Third, have hope and share it with gentleness and respect (15). When we have a burning hope in Christ in our hearts, we are different than the world, and people notice. They may ask, “How can you smile when the stock market went down so much today?” Or, “Why are you so joyful even though you just got a parking ticket?” This is an open door presented to us by God for the sake of sharing the gospel. When this kind of opportunity comes, we should not beat people over the head with our Bibles, but explain with the gentleness of Christ and with great respect, how we came to have this hope. It is very good to share our personal testimony.

Will we suffer for sharing the gospel in this way? Yes. Yet the truth is that we will suffer in this world no matter what we do. It is better to suffer for doing good. In verses 18-21, Peter summarizes the gospel. In verse 18 he says, “For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive by the Spirit….” In verse 20b,21 he says, “It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, who has gone into heaven and is at God’s right hand–with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him.” Christ died, arose, ascended and is now ruling from the right hand of God with all things in submission to him. He shows us that submission is the way to victory. We who set him apart as Lord and share his sufferings in this world will also share his glory in the everlasting victory in the kingdom of God.

In this passage we learned how to live the practical Christian life. It is to set apart Christ as Lord in our homes, in our community, and in our hearts as we live in this troubled world. Christ gives us freedom through the Holy Spirit and enables us to serve God in holiness and righteousness. When Christ is Lord in our hearts, we can live every day as a royal priesthood and a holy nation for the glory of God. Let’s set apart Christ as Lord in our heart!

“But just as he who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do…”

We are beginning a new year 2009. Many of us have chosen new year key verses to guide us and help us to grow spiritually in Christ. We are also studying Peter’s first epistle. Today, Apostle Peter tells the early Christians, “Be holy, because God is holy.” A few years ago there was a saying for young basketball fans, “Be like Mike.” Many youngsters wanted to imitate Michael Jordan. Other young people imitate rock stars or Hollywood stars. But usually these stars are not good role models to imitate. On the contrary, so many ‘famous’ people live miserable and deplorable lives. Christians have a better role model: Jesus Christ. He is our example. He is also our hope. Those who endeavor to be like him are truly wise. Of course, it is not easy to be like Christ. In fact, it is impossible by our own effort alone. Yet, as children of God, we are expected to make our best effort. God promises to do the rest. Let’s learn from Peter how we can be more like God by considering 7 imperatives he gives. These imperatives are:

1. prepare your minds for action, be self-controlled, set your hope (1:13)
2. don’t conform to evil desires you had (1:14)
3. be holy (1:15-16)
4. live as strangers in reverent fear (1:17)
5. love one another deeply (1:22)
6. rid yourselves of all malice… (2:1)
7. crave pure spiritual milk (2:2)

Before looking in to these seven imperatives, note the first word of verse 13: “therefore.” One Bible scholar said, “When you see a ‘therefore’ in the Bible, try to figure out what it is there for. Peter’s therefore refers to verses 3-12. In these verses, Peter praised God for giving us new birth into a living hope and salvation in Jesus Christ. Peter also gives Christians reason to rejoice amidst trials: it is that hardships refine the faith of believers. A friend of mine is in financial hardships right now. His car broke down and he had to have it towed. But he showed up to our campus prayer meeting even though he had to travel two hours by train. He said he was reading the book of Job and was amazed that Job praised God amidst suffering and loss, something he wants to be able to do. He was glad that when we jump-started his car with my van, it worked. He was also glad to grow in deeper faith in a time of trial. The next morning, my van wouldn’t start. That’s another story. Peter’s point is that even trials are not so bad, when we remember who God is and what he has done for us. Now let’s consider the seven imperatives Peter gives us here.

First imperatives: prepare your minds for action, be self-controlled, set your hope (1:13). Let’s read verse 13 together: “Therefore, prepare your minds for action; be self-controlled; set your hope fully on the grace to be given you when Jesus Christ is revealed.” Peter says, “Prepare your minds for action.” The idea is of a traveler getting ready to go. To say it another way, “Get ready to do something.” What should we be ready to do as Christians? One good thing is to be ready to share our hope and faith in Jesus with others (3:15). Peter also tells us what to do in the rest of this verse and this passage.

Peter says, “be self-controlled.” “Be self-controlled” occurs two more times in this letter. 4:7 says, “The end of all things is near. Therefore be clear minded and self-controlled so that you can pray.” 5:8 says, “Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour.” These verses say that being self-controlled goes along with being alert, clear minded and prepared in mind for action. Self-control is an interesting expression. Self-control sounds like we are to control ourselves, for example, to control our temper. But we all know how hard it is to control ourselves. In fact, without God’s help, no one can really control oneself. Galatians 5:22 says that ’self-control’ is a fruit of the Holy Spirit. So self-control is the power to control ourselves, which comes from God. If we are not controlled by the Spirit of God, the Bible says we are controlled by evil spirits or by our sinful nature. For example, Abel and King Saul were both controlled by jealous, evil spirits when they did not listen to God or depend on God. As a result, Cain murdered Abel, and Saul tried to kill David. Even though self-control comes from God, we are still commanded to grow in self-control. 2 Peter 1:5-7 describes this saying, “…make every effort to add to your faith, goodness…knowledge…self-control…perseverance…godliness… brotherly kindness; and…love.”

Peter says one more thing in verse 13: “set your hope fully on the grace to be given you when Jesus Christ is revealed.” The hope spoken of here is similar to the living hope in last week’s passage, in that both are heavenly hopes. Peter says to hope for a gift from Jesus when he comes. What we hope for or hope in motivates and drives our lives. Last year, I searched long and hard for a new home, since I had a hope to find a suitable, affordable home for my family. I’m glad that God provided a home for us near our main church. Last year, I also put a lot of effort in to a 20th anniversary trip to Hawaii in September. I looked forward to being alone with my precious wife Maria, catching up on lost conversation from our hectic lives. Of course, to keep our trip spiritual, we attended a Christian conference. But you know what made the trip most memorable? It was two things: a morning in prayer with Maria near the beach, and a 5-person worship service with the Akins’ missionary family. In what is your hope? Examine your heart. What thrills and excites you? Is it something heavenly or worldly? What encourages you to press on? Recently, I came across a last lecture by a Carnegie Mellon professor on YouTube. He made the lecture, knowing that he had only months to live. He shared his philosophy of living life to the full: have fun, work hard, don’t give up, etc. At the end he said it wasn’t for his listeners, it was for his young children to see later. It was a beautiful moment of a father leaving this videotaped lecture for his wife and children. But I couldn’t help but feel a bit empty, since there was no mention of God or “I’ll see you again some day.” More beautiful is the faith and love of Christians who have passed on and left their loved ones the hope to reunite in heaven with Jesus some day. Consider this question: if you knew you had one year to live, would that change your life today? How we answer that question expresses our real hope.

Second imperative: don’t conform to evil desires you had (1:14). Let’s read verse 14. “As obedient children, do not conform to the evil desires you had when you lived in ignorance.” As children of God, we want to be obedient children. We want to please our Father in heaven. Before hoping in Christ, we lived to please ourselves. Peter calls this ‘living in ignorance.’ Self-centered living is quite natural and normal. But it is devoid of wisdom and perspective. It is foolish to live as if there is no God. Yet we all lived this way before knowing Christ. In fact, we are still pulled in to this old way of living from time to time. It might come in the form of a temptation to go and hang out with unbelieving friends, rather than with Christian friends. Of course, to hang out with unbelievers in order to share Christ with them is a good intention, if we actually do it. But if we don’t share Christ with them, or worse yet, if we are pulled in to ungodly behavior or talk with them, then it does more harm than good. Suffice it to say, Christians are not immune to the sinful diseases and pulls of the world. Furthermore, we all have bad habits to kick; vestiges of our sinful nature to put to death. How can we do this? When we, with the help of God, decide to live as obedient children of God. A good example is Peter, the trained fisherman, who obeyed Jesus’ words: “Put out into deep water and let down the nets for a catch.” (Lk 5:4) Peter curbed his fisherman’s pride and obeyed Jesus, and made a miraculous catch of fish. If we love Jesus, we will curb our own idea and desire, and obey him. Obeying Jesus leads to victory in the spiritual battle.

Third imperative: be holy. Let’s read verses 15 and 16. “But just as he who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do; for it is written: ‘Be holy, because I am holy.’” God has called Christians to be holy. What does ‘holy’ mean? Simply put, it means ’set apart from sin.’ God is holy. God is perfect, righteous and without sin. Then are we supposed to live without sinning at all? Yes, that is the goal. Some might think, “That sounds no fun. It sounds boring.” Some people, to encourage sinful behavior, say: “Well, everyone else is doing it, so it can’t be that bad, right?” That way of thinking is not in sync with God’s word. For example, Jesus said, “Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.” (Mt 7:13-14) Herein is one of the primary challenges of being holy: it is not popular. There is great pressure to conform to be like others. Those who don’t dress or talk like others are strange. Of course, some people like to be strange or different to catch attention, like with an unusual hairstyle. Though the word ‘holy’ has the connotation of being different from others, it is not just for the sake of being different or defying the culture. Christians are different from the world because they strive to be like God: holy, pure, righteous, loving and perfect. Jesus said, “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” (Mt 5:48) We are to aim for perfection. So the excuse, “Well no one is perfect, right?” can be no excuse for a Christian. We are called to be holy, because God is holy. Though we are not God, we are called to be like him. We are called to be God’s children. Good children do not want to shame their parents’ reputation and name; they want to be a good example and representative that others can look up to. Good parents set a good example for their children to follow. Jesus is our model. We are called to be conformed to his likeness. We are called to be graceful and truthful, pure and loving as he is.

Fourth imperative: live as strangers in reverent fear (1:17). Let’s read verse 17, “Since you call on a Father who judges each man’s work impartially, live your lives as strangers here in reverent fear.” God our Father is also the Judge. He does not play favorites. He will judge each person according to what he or she has done. To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life. But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow evil, there will be wrath and anger.” (Ro 2:6-8)

Peter says that Christians are to live as strangers. In 1:1, he called Christians “strangers in the world.” So it’s normal if you are a Christian and a worldly person says to you, “You’re not from around here, are you?” Christians are to be different, not in a bad way, but in a shining way. Christians are to be salt and light in a decaying, dull and dark world. Why? Because we follow Jesus, the light of the world. Christians are to be pure, as Jesus is pure. So we don’t enjoy impure jokes, as the world does. Christians are to be joyful, not gloomy or complaining, because they have ample reasons to be joyful in Jesus. People of the world are drawn to real joy and purity, because they also long for it in their souls. No one will follow a gloomy, lazy or complaining person. As Christians, we are called to be good advertisers of Jesus Christ.

Peter says that Christians are to have reverent fear of God. These days, the fear of God seems largely absent in our society, even in our churches. Statistically, it is said that churches have similar rates of divorce, abortion, and suicide as unchurched people. This should not be. Something is definitely wrong with the modern church. Could it be the lack of a proper fear of God? To fear God is to have a proper view of God as the holy and righteous Judge of all souls, including me. To fear is to know that I am a sinner, deserving of condemnation and only God’s mercy will save me. Recent polls say that many people, even unbelievers, think they will get to heaven simply because they are not a bad person. Perhaps they think that God will give them a last-minute pardon of their sins. Even a criminal dying next to Jesus had no fear of God. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline. (Prov 1:7)

Before moving on to imperative five, we must think about very important connecting verses, 18-21. These verses contain the key to obeying these imperatives. Verse 18 says that Christians have been redeemed or ransomed, not with gold, but with the precious blood of Christ. The salvation and freedom of Christians has been bought by Jesus’ blood shed on the cross. Peter already mentioned the evil desires we lived according to when we did not know Christ. It is Jesus’ blood that saves us from the guilt and condemnation of our sins. The blood of Jesus redeems us from slavery to sin and sets us free to love and serve God. The blood of Jesus empowers us to live a holy life. No one can live a holy life before God apart from the precious blood of Jesus. Jesus’ blood redeems us from an empty way of life. Without Christ, the world is crazy and we don’t know what we are doing or why we are here–life is empty. Blaise Pascal wrote: “Apart from Jesus Christ, we cannot know the meaning of life, of death, of God or of ourselves.” King Solomon wrote these discouraging but true words about worldly life: “I have seen all the things that are done under the sun; all of them are meaningless, a chasing after the wind.” (Eccl 1:14) This verse scared a new believer, since it sounded like the Bible admitted that there is no meaning to life after all. But life has meaning in Jesus Christ. Suffering has meaning in Jesus Christ. Love has meaning in Jesus Christ. Through Jesus’ shed blood and resurrection, we have redemption and hope. Through Jesus, our faith and hope are in God.

Fifth imperative, love one another deeply (1:22). Look at verse 22. “Now that you have purified yourselves by obeying the truth so that you have sincere love for your brothers, love one another deeply, from the heart.” This verse tells us several things. Obeying the truth of God’s word purifies us and gives us sincere love for others. Yet Peter says not to stop there: keep on loving one another, deeply from the heart. It would seem that love has many levels or depths. For some people, the words “I love you,” are easy to say and don’t mean much. For others, to say “I love you” is harder than buying a gift or doing something for someone. Peter says, “love one another deeply, from the heart.” Jesus gave this command to his disciples on the night before he died: “Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.” (Jn 13:34-35) The model of love is Jesus. Jesus said, “As I have loved you…” How did Jesus love them and us? He gave his life. That is the deepest level of love. Insincere love has strings attached and wants something in return. Jesus’ love is not self-seeking, not easily-angered and keeps no record of wrongs. Jesus’ love always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Jesus’ love never fails.

Again we must not miss the very important connecting verses, 23-25. Peter again mentions the new birth of being born again. Our physical life is from perishable seed for we will all die some day. But our spiritual rebirth is eternal. This new birth came through believing the word of God, the gospel. Our new person, our spiritual body, which was born through believing the word of God, and which has a relationship with Jesus and an inheritance in heaven, shall never perish. Peter then quotes the Bible again from Isaiah 40:6-8: “All men are like grass, and all their glory is like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of the Lord stands forever.” All people are like grass in the field and all our human achievements and honors are like flowers. Grass withers. Flowers fall. It’s sad but true. There is no guarantee that any of us will live to next year. We will all die some day, some sooner, some later. Then what can we do during our short lives on earth? We must invest in eternity. We must store up treasure in heaven, rather than focusing on treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. We must not cling to things of the world for the world and its desires pass away. But the one who does the will of God lives forever.

Sixth imperative, rid yourselves of all malice… (2:1) Chapter 2 begins with another ‘therefore’: “Therefore, rid yourselves of all malice and all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and slander of every kind.” This is similar to imperative two about not conforming to evil desires. Peter lists things that we are to rid ourselves of as Christians, things that are contrary to love: malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy and slander. Also, they are all relational words, pointing out sins against others. Then how can we rid ourselves of these things, which are not Christ-like? Firstly, we must repent of these things in our minds and hearts whenever we recognize them there. Also, we must fill ourselves with something better. This leads to the last imperative.

Seventh imperative, crave pure spiritual milk (2:2). Let’s read 2:2-3 together. “Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation, now that you have tasted that the Lord is good.” Again Peter returns to the notion of new birth. As babies need milk to grow, so Christians need pure spiritual milk to grow spiritually. What is the pure spiritual milk? It is the word of God, which gave us new birth. As milk gives babies the nutrients and calories they need to grow, the word of God has power to make us grow spiritually. The word of God has power to purify and sanctify us. The word of God is living and active. Look at verse 3 again: “…now that you have tasted that the Lord is good.” The pure spiritual milk is also God himself, the Holy Spirit. Please think about these two questions: What do you crave? Are you growing spiritually? Worldly things cannot fill or satisfy our souls and deepest longings. Only the Lord and his word can fill our soul’s longing. The writer of Psalm 42 understood this: “As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul pants for you, O God. My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When can I go and meet with God? (Ps 42:1-2) How strong is your desire for God’s word? Do you want to grow spiritually? What are you going to do? Be holy, for God is holy. Crave pure spiritual milk, so that you may grow up in your salvation. May this be the desire of our hearts, the longing of our souls, and our daily prayer and endeavor.